荒诞—人类精神的折射
发布时间：2019-03-22 08:26
【摘要】： 荒诞,是二十世纪西方美学的一个重要范畴,也是人类的一种精神现象。它是西方社会中处于异化状态中的人的一种生存方式。当主体处于这种生存方式中的时候,就会产生一种“意义之虚无”的感受。而这种感受,或者说是体验,就是一种荒诞感,它既是主体在人与世界分离之后所产生的焦虑感和空虚感,也是他们在物的压迫与精神信仰的坍塌之后所产生的陌生感和迷惘感。当然,荒诞表现“意义的虚无”,并不表示荒诞本身存在的荒诞性。作为一种美学范畴,荒诞的目的是指向人生,唤醒人们对自身生存价值的意识和对人自身生存意义的思考。因此,荒诞不是一种消极的艺术,而是表面的消极与深层的积极完美结合的美学范畴。 经历了两次世界大战的洗礼,让西方人崇尚的理性遭到了严重的质疑:在西方社会出现了继“上帝死了”之后的又一次信仰危机。西方人的精神支柱坍塌后,精神上出现了空前的饥饿状态,正是在这种情况下,西方现代美学范畴意义上的荒诞才得以产生并发展。荒诞的主体正是那些丧失了人的本质和人的个性的异化的人,正是在这些人身上我们看到了荒诞的世界和荒诞的人生。 就西方社会生存方式的一种普遍现象而言,“荒诞”是二十世纪的西方历史语境中的一个独特现象。从表现主义到存在主义,从荒诞派戏剧再到黑色幽默小说,荒诞都是贯穿其中的主题。二十世纪,人与世界、人与人、甚至人与自身都处在一种极不和谐的状态之中。内心的恐惧不安、孤独无助、苦闷彷徨是一种难以言说的感觉。战争过后留给世人的精神空虚是一种难以克制的痛苦。人们突然发现,自己的最大痛苦并不是必定死亡的命运,而是在求生不得、求死不能的生死线上艰难而徒劳的挣扎。而荒诞正是把这种感觉用一种特殊的手法表现了出来。荒诞的艺术是一种“离经叛道”的艺术,它的出现是对传统的公然背叛和对“经典”的公然宣战。这是因为,相对于传统艺术,无论从思想内容上还是从艺术形式上,荒诞都是一种反抗和颠覆:内容主题上的神圣、庄严、优美被低俗、调侃和丑陋所取代,艺术手法上的悬念、渲染也被平铺直叙所代替。传统的悲剧、喜剧的定义在这里找到了它们的终点站,当悲剧主人公以滑稽的表演展示在我们面前的时候,我们欲哭无泪,欲笑无声。我们的心灵在荒诞的独特艺术表达方式中受到了前所未有的冲击。 表现荒诞的艺术作品表面上给人的感觉是平淡的、乏味的,甚至是脱离实际的,然而这却是一种审美的曲折表现形态,它以病态、异态、怪态来表现常态。它要求
[Abstract]:Absurdity is not only an important category of western aesthetics in the 20th century, but also a spiritual phenomenon of human beings. It is a way of living for the people in the alienation state in the western society. When the subject is in this way of existence, there will be a sense of nothingness of meaning. And this feeling, or experience, is a sense of absurdity, which is not only the anxiety and emptiness of the subject after the separation of man and the world, It is also their strangeness and confusion after the oppression of things and the collapse of their spiritual beliefs. Of course, absurd expression "meaning nihilism" does not mean the absurdity of the existence of absurdity itself. As an aesthetic category, the purpose of absurdity is to point to life, to awaken people's awareness of their own survival value and to think about their own survival significance. Therefore, absurdity is not a negative art, but an aesthetic category in which superficial negativity and deep-seated positive and perfect combination. After the baptism of two world wars, the reason which westerners admire has been seriously questioned: in the western society, there is another faith crisis after "God is dead". After the collapse of the spiritual pillar of Westerners, there is an unprecedented state of hunger in the spirit. It is under this circumstance that the absurdity in the sense of the western modern aesthetic category can be produced and developed. The subject of absurdity is those who have lost the alienation of human nature and personality. It is in these people that we see the absurd world and the absurd life. "absurdity" is a unique phenomenon in the western historical context of the 20th century, as far as a universal phenomenon of the way of existence in the western society is concerned. From expressionism to existentialism, from absurd drama to black humorous novels, absurdity is the theme that runs through it. In the 20th century, man and the world, man and man, and even man and himself were in a state of great disharmony. Fear and unease in the heart, loneliness and helplessness are an unspeakable feeling. The spiritual emptiness left after the war was an uncontrollable pain. People suddenly found that their greatest pain is not necessarily the fate of death, but in the struggle for life and death can not die on the line of difficult and futile struggle. Absurdity shows this feeling in a special way. Absurd art is an art of deviating from scripture and treason. Its appearance is a flagrant betrayal of tradition and a public declaration of war on classic. This is because, in contrast to traditional art, absurdity is a revolt and subversion, both in terms of ideological content and artistic form: the sacred, solemn, graceful nature of the content subject is replaced by vulgarity, ridicule, and ugliness. Artistic techniques of suspense, rendering is also replaced by tiling straight. Traditional tragedies, comedy definitions find their end here, when the tragic protagonists show in front of us with a funny performance, we want to cry without tears, want to laugh silent. Our hearts have been hit by an unprecedented impact in the unique artistic expression of absurdity. The expression of absurd works of art on the surface of the feeling is dull, boring, even out of reality, but this is an aesthetic tortuous form of expression, it is morbid, strange, strange state to express the normal. It requires
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：I01
本文编号：2445432
[Abstract]:Absurdity is not only an important category of western aesthetics in the 20th century, but also a spiritual phenomenon of human beings. It is a way of living for the people in the alienation state in the western society. When the subject is in this way of existence, there will be a sense of nothingness of meaning. And this feeling, or experience, is a sense of absurdity, which is not only the anxiety and emptiness of the subject after the separation of man and the world, It is also their strangeness and confusion after the oppression of things and the collapse of their spiritual beliefs. Of course, absurd expression "meaning nihilism" does not mean the absurdity of the existence of absurdity itself. As an aesthetic category, the purpose of absurdity is to point to life, to awaken people's awareness of their own survival value and to think about their own survival significance. Therefore, absurdity is not a negative art, but an aesthetic category in which superficial negativity and deep-seated positive and perfect combination. After the baptism of two world wars, the reason which westerners admire has been seriously questioned: in the western society, there is another faith crisis after "God is dead". After the collapse of the spiritual pillar of Westerners, there is an unprecedented state of hunger in the spirit. It is under this circumstance that the absurdity in the sense of the western modern aesthetic category can be produced and developed. The subject of absurdity is those who have lost the alienation of human nature and personality. It is in these people that we see the absurd world and the absurd life. "absurdity" is a unique phenomenon in the western historical context of the 20th century, as far as a universal phenomenon of the way of existence in the western society is concerned. From expressionism to existentialism, from absurd drama to black humorous novels, absurdity is the theme that runs through it. In the 20th century, man and the world, man and man, and even man and himself were in a state of great disharmony. Fear and unease in the heart, loneliness and helplessness are an unspeakable feeling. The spiritual emptiness left after the war was an uncontrollable pain. People suddenly found that their greatest pain is not necessarily the fate of death, but in the struggle for life and death can not die on the line of difficult and futile struggle. Absurdity shows this feeling in a special way. Absurd art is an art of deviating from scripture and treason. Its appearance is a flagrant betrayal of tradition and a public declaration of war on classic. This is because, in contrast to traditional art, absurdity is a revolt and subversion, both in terms of ideological content and artistic form: the sacred, solemn, graceful nature of the content subject is replaced by vulgarity, ridicule, and ugliness. Artistic techniques of suspense, rendering is also replaced by tiling straight. Traditional tragedies, comedy definitions find their end here, when the tragic protagonists show in front of us with a funny performance, we want to cry without tears, want to laugh silent. Our hearts have been hit by an unprecedented impact in the unique artistic expression of absurdity. The expression of absurd works of art on the surface of the feeling is dull, boring, even out of reality, but this is an aesthetic tortuous form of expression, it is morbid, strange, strange state to express the normal. It requires
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：I01
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前2条
1 张旭;残酷的人生表演，荒谬的生存图景[D];吉林大学;2011年
2 佘永强;论卡夫卡小说主题中蕴含的荒诞[D];湖南师范大学;2011年
，本文编号：2445432
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