新批评派有机整体论思想研究

发布时间：2018-07-17 18:35

【摘要】：英美新批评派作为形式主义三大流派之一,历来被认为是一个强调文学形式本体,注重自律性文学观的文论流派。然而,新批评派同时也是一个独特的形式主义流派。与其他形式主义流派所不同的是,新批评派提出了有机整体论思想,将文学作品视为一种独立自足的、内部各种因素相互对立调和的有机整体,一方面强调了作品独立于外部世界而单独存在,另一方面也注重探究作品内部复杂的结构构成。其"独立自足性"、"有机整体性"和"对立调和性"等概念构成了一个联系紧密、意义丰富的具有一定结构层次的价值系统。这一系统不仅彰显着新批评纯粹的文学本体论思想,同时还闪耀着审美现代性的光芒,具有深刻的复杂性与矛盾性。因此,本文的目标主要有两点,一是对新批评的有机整体论思想进行系统地梳理和总结,考察其批评实践中所蕴含的有机整体思想并探究其对传统有机论的改写和发展;二是对新批评的有机整体论思想进行审美现代性视域下的反思和批判,借此来论证新批评派作为一种文本主义流派,并非简单强调文本形式的形式主义,而是在现代性影响下具有深刻矛盾性和复杂性的独特文论。其有机整体思想所强调的有机整体、对立调和等观点虽充满了矛盾和悖论,但却通过重建一个独立自足的艺术世界实现了对现实世界异化的对抗,表明了新批评派始终没有放弃理论的社会功能,因此也丝毫不能掩盖新批评派在西方文论史上所作出的卓越贡献。
[Abstract]:As one of the three major schools of formalism, Anglo-American New criticism has always been regarded as a literary school which emphasizes the literary form ontology and pays attention to the self-discipline literary view. However, the new criticism school is also a unique formalism school. Different from other formalistic schools, Neo-critics put forward the idea of organic holism, and regarded literary works as an organic whole which is independent and self-sufficient, with various internal factors opposing and reconciling with each other. On the one hand, it emphasizes that the work exists independently from the outside world, on the other hand, it also emphasizes on the complex structure of the work. The concepts of "independence and self-sufficiency", "organic integrity" and "opposites and harmonies" constitute a value system with a certain level of structure, which is closely related and rich in meaning. This system not only shows the pure literary ontological thought of new criticism, but also shines with the light of aesthetic modernity, with profound complexity and contradiction. Therefore, there are two main objectives of this paper. One is to systematically comb and summarize the organic holism of the new criticism, to investigate the organic whole thought contained in its criticism practice and to explore its rewriting and development to the traditional organic theory. The second is to reflect on and criticize the organic holism of new criticism from the perspective of aesthetic modernity, so as to prove that the new criticism, as a textivist school, does not simply emphasize formalism in text form. It is a unique literary theory with profound contradiction and complexity under the influence of modernity. The organic whole, which is emphasized by his organic whole thought, is full of contradictions and paradoxes, but it realizes the confrontation against the alienation of the real world through the reconstruction of an independent and self-sufficient art world. It shows that the new criticism has never given up the social function of the theory, so it can not conceal the outstanding contribution made by the new criticism in the history of western literary theory.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I06

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