荒谬中的真实—透过《第二十二条军规》看黑色幽默

发布时间：2018-01-18 15:37

本文关键词：荒谬中的真实—透过《第二十二条军规》看黑色幽默　出处：《西北大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：约瑟夫·海勒是美国二十世纪下半叶著名小说家,黑色幽默的代表作家之一,其代表作《第二十二条军规》是讽刺文学的经典之作。《第二十二条军规》主要通过对第二次世界大战期间一支驻守在地中海小岛上的美国空军部队内幕生活的描写,揭示了一个非理性,梦魇般的荒诞世界。经过二战,冷战,以及随后的麦卡锡主义时期,美国人感到了其所处生活的荒诞以及对未来的迷惑。作者用一种荒诞的战争形式来描绘他眼中的美国——一个完全扭曲的世界,有组织的混乱,制度化了的疯狂。本文采用小说文本与黑色幽默理论相互阐释的方式,一方面通过小说《第二十二条军规》来探讨黑色幽默小说的特点；另一方面又通过黑色幽默小说的特点来诠释《第二十二条军规》的创作特色。本论文共分四部分。引言部分着重介绍了小说作者的生平、小说的情节、以及关于小说的文献综述。第二部分主要讲述了黑色幽默理论的产生与发展,其艺术特色以及理论基础。黑色幽默的产生有其特定的时代背景和文学渊源。一种文学理论形成的思想根源是比较复杂的,萨特为代表的存在主义、弗洛伊德精神分析学、柏格森的直觉主义以及贝克特为代表的荒诞派都对黑色幽默的产生具有一定影响。第三部分探析了海勒的经典作品《第二十二条军规》,从小说的结构、语言风格、人物性格三个方面解释说明了黑色幽默在小说《第二十二条军规》里的呈现。作家用独特的结构形式,歪曲的语言和荒诞的人物来精心构建一个看似混乱的荒诞世界,讽刺战后残酷的社会现实。海勒用小说中荒诞的情节来影射现实的荒诞,突出现实世界的混乱、不公正和疯狂。第四章是全文的结论部分,总结了海勒如何通过对小说《第二十二条军规》的探析,使用黑色幽默的艺术手法为读者展现一个生动真实的世界。
[Abstract]:Joseph Heller is a famous American novelist in the second half of 20th century and one of the representative writers of black humor. His masterpiece, "22th military regulations", is a classic satirical literary work. < 22th military regulations are mainly through the insider life of a US Air Force unit stationed on an island in the Mediterranean during World War II. Description. Reveals an irrational, nightmarish world of absurdity. After World War II, the Cold War, and then the McCarthyism. Americans feel the absurdity of their lives and their confusion about the future. The author describes what he sees as America, a world of complete distortion, organized chaos, with an absurd form of warfare. This article uses the novel text and the black humor theory to explain each other, on the one hand, through the novel < 22th military rules, discusses the black humor novel characteristic; On the other hand, through the features of black humorous novels, it interprets the creative characteristics of "22th military regulations". This thesis is divided into four parts. The introduction focuses on the author's life, the plot of the novel and the literature review of the novel. The second part mainly describes the emergence and development of black humor theory. Its artistic characteristics and theoretical basis. The emergence of black humor has its specific background and literary origin. The ideological origin of a literary theory is more complex, Sartre is the representative of existentialism. Freud psychoanalysis, Bergson's intuitionism and Beckett's absurdity have certain influence on the generation of black humor. The third part analyzes Heller's classic works < 22th military rules], from the structure of the novel, language style. Three aspects of character explain the presentation of black humor in the novel "22th military rules". The writer uses a unique form of structure. Distorted language and absurd characters to carefully construct a seemingly chaotic absurd world, satirizing the cruel social reality after the war. Heller uses the absurd plot in the novel to insinuate the realistic absurdity and to highlight the chaos of the real world. Injustice and madness. Chapter 4th is the conclusion of the full text, which summarizes how Heller, through the analysis of the novel < 22th military rules], uses the artistic technique of black humor to show the reader a vivid and real world.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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