福特《好兵》心理病症的美学与现实意义研究

发布时间：2018-02-03 19:47

本文关键词： 疾病意象躁郁症焦虑神经症重度抑郁症性功能障碍　出处：《南昌大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：福特·马多克斯.福特(1873—1939),英国小说印象主义创始人之一,是英国著名小说家、诗人和文学批评家,在英国文学史上极具特殊性。他的文学之路可谓多舛：在青年时代未被认可,五十知天命的年纪仍受诸多质疑,死后更是一度被忽视,最终还是在上世纪70年代以来的这几十年里得到了普遍承认,成为英语文学界为数不多的重要作家之一,与康拉德、劳伦斯和乔伊斯等著名作家比肩而立。他最广为人知的小说《好兵》,也被称为现代主义小说的精品,引发了读者和评论界的激烈探讨,并入选一九九八年《当代文库》百部杰出英语小说。然而,根据国内学术期刊的最新研究调查,《好兵》对中国评论家而言仍是比较陌生,文献数据库中也只有十八篇相关评论文章。评论家们大多聚焦它的道德主题或是叙述技巧,而对于最终悲剧的导火线----人物普遍存在的身心缺陷,特别是文中浓墨重彩的“缺心”与“缺情”,却较少深入研究。本文试图从精神分析角度全面分析主人公病患形象的内在根源与外在表现,从而揭露《好兵》中疾病意象的美学与现实意义。全文共包括五章。第一章为绪论,明确本项研究的价值与目的。首先简单介绍了福特自身经历对《好兵》创作的影响,并对小说国内外研究现状进行了综述概括,从而引入研究的视角及行文结构。第二章解释了悲剧的缓燃导火线在于故事中人物普遍存在的各种缺陷,并对其中重要线索“心脏”与“激情”的缺陷进行了符号性阐述。“心脏”是故事情节开展的动力源,两对夫妇由于疗养心脏而相识,梅西的心脏猝死激化了人物之间的内在冲突,“心脏”如波浪般推动情节向高潮发展,故事最终以真假心脏病人的全部死亡结束。“激情”事关人物对生活的认知。既无道德激情也无性激情的叙事人道尔对这个故事似乎缺乏应有的参与感,因此书中众多充满激情的情境也以一种断裂的形式展现出来,褪去激情,这看似不可靠的零散印象却形成真实的世界,缺乏“激情”造成了认知效果的阻隔。第三章探索了悲剧展开的内外因素,主要研究了精神隔绝、信仰真空与人格破裂等病态表现的特点,及其对主人公们命运造成的影响。《好兵》作为展示人之心的一部作品,心与心之间的精神隔绝表现在道尔被困欧洲的“飘泊感”,弗洛伦斯不被接纳的“逃离感”,爱德华不被理解的“孤寂感”及利奥诺拉由爱生怨的“压抑感”。信仰真空导致主人公们世界观的动荡,内心的困惑与冲突造成人格破裂,道尔否认自身的男性认同,弗洛伦斯随身携带自裁毒药,爱德华对婚外情欲罢不能,利奥诺拉对天主教观念扭曲误解。第四章概述了两对夫妻各自无法驱散的病态形象：弗洛伦斯的创伤导致躁郁,爱德华的孤寂造成抑郁,利奥诺拉的自克导致焦虑,道尔的淡漠表现出性无能。以弗洛伦斯为例,她在文中较少主观性的言语,是由于与叙事人道尔缺乏深度交流。弗洛伦斯因偷尝禁果而被亲人放弃,婚前的精神隔绝使她急于逃离,婚后为圆谎,她与道尔相处郁郁寡欢,只能在爱德华夫妇面前滔滔不绝,以解难言之苦。弗洛伦斯的信仰是家族,但家族对她的谴责与束缚导致她自身人格冲突,渐渐发展出躁郁症的症状,事情败露之时服毒自裁。因精神隔绝,道尔则开始怀疑自身的男子气概,最终内心冲突导致失去性激情；爱德华陷入道德与激情的撕扯中,过度抑郁,自杀了事；利奥诺拉爱恨交织,焦燥不堪,头痛难忍,开始精神上迫害南希与爱德华。第五章为结论,总结了好兵的疾病审美意义和现实意义。研究选取的“疾病”角度是基于十九世纪美学中审丑的发展,它的独特表现为疾病及畸形,疾病的外延还逐渐扩展到心理层面。当历史走到二十世纪初,现代主义开始表现人的非理性和生活的荒诞面,也有许多作家开始通过心理疾病来剖析这个世界的本质。疾病对人的肉体和精神的规约,使它有了本体性的审美意义。史莱格尔也曾评论,“疾病是使人变得‘有趣’的一种方式”,在某种程度上使笔下的人物形象丰满起来。疾病是旧式贵族在现代环境下病弱不堪的符号象征。另外在现实方面,工业革命后,人以碎片化形式病态地存在着,人性一直属于亚健康状态。文中疾病意象还有一定的心理治疗作用。作为情节发展的核心事件,疾病与死亡能更好地体现悲剧的快感与净化意义,缓解苦闷心灵,激发人类内心深处对生命意义的追求。
[Abstract]:Ford Maddox Ford (1873 - 1939), founder of the British novel Impressionism, a famous British novelist, poet and literary critic, very special nature in the history of British literature. His literary road is unfortunate: at a young age is not recognized, fifty days old life is still subject to many questions, especially after death once neglected, eventually in the last century since 70s this decade has been widely acknowledged that English literary circles become one of the important writers of the few with Conrad, Laurence and Joyce and other famous writers than shoulder standing. His best-known novel "good soldier", also known as modernism novels the boutique, sparked intense discussion of the readers and critics, and selected 1998 < > 100 of the Great Library of Contemporary English novels. However, according to the latest research of domestic academic journals, "good soldier of China > Critics are still relatively unfamiliar, literature database only eighteen relevant comments. Critics mostly focused its moral theme or narrative skills, physical and mental defects and for the final tragedy fuse -- common characters, especially the "lack of the thick and heavy in colours" and "missing", but less in-depth study this paper attempts to analyze the internal cause. The perspective of a comprehensive analysis of the hero image of the patient and the external performance from the spirit, thus revealing the good image of < > in the disease soldiers aesthetics and practical significance.
The full text includes five chapters.
The first chapter is the introduction. It is clear about the value and purpose of this research. First, it briefly introduces the influence of Ford's own experience on the creation of "good soldier", and summarizes the research status quo of the novel at home and abroad, so as to introduce the research perspective and structure.
The second chapter explains the various defects of burning fuse is that the characters in the story of corrosion of tragedy, and the defects of important clues to "heart" and "passion" the symbol "heart" is the power source in this paper. The development of the story, two couples met due to resort to dirty, Messi's sudden cardiac death intensified the inherent conflict between the characters, such as the "heart" of the wave plot to a climax, the story ended in true heart patients all died. The end of "passion" is related to the cognitive characters of life. Neither moral passion is passion, humanity should be asexual narrative seems to lack of sense of participation in the story, so many books the passion of the situation is in a fracture form, faded passion, this seemingly unreliable fragmented impression is the formation of the real world, the lack of "passion" caused recognition The barrier of knowing effect.
The third chapter explores the internal and external factors of the tragedy, mainly studies the characteristics of spiritual isolation, beliefs and personality vacuum rupture morbid, and its influence on the good soldier. "Heroes fate caused by the heart as a display of a work, between the heart and the heart of the spiritual isolation table now Doyle trapped in Europe" wandering ", Florence was not accepted" escape ", Edward do not understand the" loneliness "and Leonora born hatred" repression ". Faith vacuum leads to heroes of world outlook turmoil, confusion and conflict of personality rupture, Doyle denied their male identity. Florence Edward carry on the poison on the affair of the Catholic Leonora unable to stop, the distorted concept of misunderstanding.
The fourth chapter summarized the pathological image of two couples each undispellable: Florence's trauma of manic depression, Edward's loneliness caused by depression, since g leads to anxiety Eleonora, Doyle's apathy showed impotence. In the case of Florence, her little subjective of the words in the text, is due to the lack of depth of communication and narrative humanitarian Seoul. Because Florence was abandoned before tasting the forbidden fruit family, spiritual isolation makes her escape, she married a little, get along with unhappy McDowell, only in front of the Edward couple off the reel, with untold suffering. Florence's belief is a family, but the family of her condemnation and constraints caused her own personality conflict, gradually development the symptoms of bipolar disorder, things of suicide by taking poison. Because of spiritual isolation, Doyle began to doubt their own masculinity, eventually leads to loss of inner conflict Passion; Edward into moral passion and tear, excessive depression, Dutch act up; love hate coke Eleonora, unbearable, unbearable pain and spiritual persecution began Nancy and Edward.
The fifth chapter is the conclusion, summarizes the good soldier disease aesthetic significance and practical significance. The study selected the "disease" perspective is based on the development of aesthetics of ugliness in nineteenth Century, it shows the unique disease and deformity, disease extension also gradually extended to the psychological level. When the history goes to the beginning of twentieth Century, modernism became non absurd rational life and surface performance, there are many writers who began by mental illness to analyze the nature of the world. The disease of the human body and spirit of the statute, so it has the aesthetic significance of ontology. Schlegel also comments, "disease is become" interesting "one way" so, under the pen of figure up to a certain extent. The disease is the old aristocracy in the modern environment frail symbol. In reality, after the industrial revolution, people in fragmented form of sick deposit Here, human nature has always belonged to the sub-health state. The disease images are certain psychological treatment. As the core of the events in the development of disease and death can better reflect the tragic pleasure and purification, alleviate depressed heart, stimulate the deep human pursuit for the meaning of life.

【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.074

【参考文献】