自我的丢失—从弗洛伊德精神分析角度解读《路》

发布时间：2018-02-08 13:41

本文关键词： 麦卡锡《路》自我本我本能　出处：《沈阳师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：《路》是科马克·麦卡锡的一部非常成功的小说，曾于2007年获得普利策奖，随后赢得了广泛的读者和评论界的关注。本文试从佛洛伊德精神分析角度分析小说中人物自我的遗失。通过分析，本文揭示出当小说中大自然和社会体系消失时人类失去自我的原因。由于自我的遗失而产生的影响给读者留下普遍的启示：人性中黑暗面的破坏力极大，它会使自我蒙蔽，进而走向罪恶的深渊，最终毁灭人类和社会的存在。这一分析过程提醒读者去关注现实世界中令人担忧的人类生存环境。本文研究意在探求人类行为与精神的关系、人类活动与生活环境的关系，以及与人类息息相关的道德问题。本文共由五章构成。第一章简要介绍作家、小说《路》以及弗洛伊德精神分析理论。第二章主要探讨了遗失自我的表现：本我主导的人格结构、文明丢弃、快乐追寻、攻击本能、歇斯底里的杀戮。这些扭曲的精神状态是由佛洛伊德理论中焦虑和恐惧引起的，并最终加剧成歇斯底里，表现为对杀人的迷恋。对小说中人物人格结构的研究表明本我在心灵三个部分中占主导地位，因此小说中人类活在一个本我统治的条件下。出于对死亡和被杀害的恐惧，人们脱下文明的面具，退化成野蛮人，并走向歇斯底里的杀戮中。第三章从以下从两个方面分析自我遗失的原因以及这种遗失所造成影响。外因来自于故事中外界环境和小说所处时代背景的混乱，内因在于人性本身的黑暗面。自我的遗失所产生的影响主要有三个方面：自我的死亡、大自然的毁灭以及文明的终结。人类歇斯底里的杀戮，表面上看是保护自己免受他人的伤害，实际上却是随着他们对大自然和文明的破坏走向人类自我的毁灭。本文第四章试图在自我遗失的世界里找出重塑自我的可能出路。虽然作者揭露了人性中最黑暗的一面以及人类的暴行，但是作者也赞美了人类内心的正义与坚强的意志，并在字里行间中暗示了重建自我的希望。从以上分析可知，本文试图阐释荒原中人物丢失自我的原因和他们是如何因此放纵自己的。当外界约束消失的时候，人精神中受压抑的部分便会战胜理智，从而控制人的行为。小说中处在食物贫乏的人类在受到死亡恐惧的刺激与本我和本能的驱动下走向了歇斯底里。从此，人性中的黑暗暴露出来，人失去了身份并退化为野蛮。由此，本文试图激发对现实世界中的人性、人类生存环境、人类的未来以及自我拯救的普遍思考。由此可见，《路》是一部向全人类敲响警钟的启示性小说，没有名字的人物具有普遍的象征意义。
[Abstract]:"Road" is a very successful novel by Mark McCarthy, who won the Pulitzer Prize in 2007. This paper attempts to analyze the loss of characters in the novel from the perspective of Freud psychoanalysis. This paper reveals the reason why human beings lose themselves when nature and social systems disappear in the novel. The influence of the loss of self leaves the reader with universal enlightenment: the dark side of human nature is so destructive that it can blind the self. This analysis process reminds readers to pay attention to the worrisome human living environment in the real world. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between human behavior and spirit. The relationship between human activities and living environment, as well as the moral issues closely related to human beings. This paper consists of five chapters. The first chapter briefly introduces the writer, the novel "Road" and Freud's theory of psychoanalysis. The second chapter mainly discusses the expression of lost self: the personality structure dominated by ego, the abandonment of civilization, the pursuit of happiness. Aggressive instincts, hysterical killing. These twisted mental states are caused by the anxiety and fear of Freud theory, and eventually escalate into hysteria. The study of the personality structure of the characters in the novel shows that the ego is dominant in the three parts of the mind, so that human beings live under the rule of one ego in the novel, out of fear of death and being killed. People take off the mask of civilization, degenerate into barbarians, and into hysterical killing. Chapter three analyzes the causes of self-loss and its effects from two aspects. The external causes come from the chaos of the external environment in the story and the background of the time in which the novel is located. The internal cause lies in the dark side of human nature. The loss of the self has three main aspects: the death of the self, the destruction of nature and the end of civilization. Ostensibly to protect oneself from others, but in fact with their destruction of nature and civilization towards the destruction of human self. Chapter 4th attempts to find a possible way to reshape oneself in the world of self-loss. Although the author exposes the darkest aspects of human nature and human atrocities, the author also extolls human inner justice and strong will. And in the lines implied in the reconstruction of self-hope. From the above analysis, this paper attempts to explain the reasons why the characters in the wilderness lose themselves and how they indulge themselves. When the external constraints disappear, the suppressed part of the human spirit will prevail over reason. To control human behavior. Human beings in the novel are in need of food, driven by the fear of death and driven by the ego and instinct. From then on, the darkness of human nature is exposed. People lose their identity and degenerate into barbarism. Therefore, this paper tries to inspire the human nature of the real world, the human living environment, From this we can see that the road is an apocalyptic novel that sounded the alarm bell to the whole mankind. The characters without name have universal symbolic significance.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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