“海明威风格”在其短篇小说中的完美体现

发布时间：2018-03-10 13:06

本文选题：“海明威风格”　切入点：短篇小说　出处：《海南大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：厄内斯特·海明威是二十世纪美国文学史上最富盛名的现代小说家之一,是蜚声世界文坛的一位文学巨匠,并于1954年获得了诺贝尔文学奖。海明威独树一帜的风格为他赢得了无数的读者,引起了文学评论家们的极大关注,因而有关海明威的风格及其作品的各种学术论文和研究著作如雨后春笋般地大量涌现,使“海明威风格”成为了一个特定的文学术语。然而,现有的研究文献存在两个不足之处：一是大部分文献资料着重研究海明威的中长篇小说,而海明威独特的风格却是在其短篇小说中得到最完美的体现。二是由于这些文献对“海明威风格”的研究不够系统和全面,因而未能阐明“海明威风格”的确切涵义。本文对“海明威风格”及在其短篇小说中的体现进行了全面的探讨,细致地分析了海明威的人生经历与其独特风格的形成之间的关系以及“海明威风格”在主题、人物形象、“冰山原则”和实现“冰山原则”的相关写作技巧几个方面的突出特点。海明威的短篇小说代表作《一个干净明亮的地方》、《白象似的群山》、《弗朗西斯·麦康伯短暂的幸福生活》、《杀人者》和《一天的等待》被选作文本分析的实例来具体阐明“海明威风格”在其短篇小说中的完美体现全文共分为五章。第一章是引言部分,主要介绍该论文研究的主要目的和重要意义,指出国内外关于海明威及其作品的现有的研究文献存在的两个不足之处,阐明“海明威风格”的确切涵义。第二章重点分析海明威的生活经历,主要包括其早期的童年生活、在堪萨斯星报的见习记者经历、多次参战的经历和作为驻外记者在巴黎旅居生活时与庞德和斯坦因等杰出作家的交往。同时,研究和阐明海明威这些丰富的人生经历对其独特风格的形成产生的巨大影响。第三章主要阐述“海明威风格”在主题选择和人物形象塑造两个方面的突出特点,即永恒的死亡主题和高频出现的“准则英雄”的人物形象,并具体分析其在海明威几部代表性的短篇小说中的体现。第四章研究“海明威风格”最显著的特征,即著名的省略理论——“冰山原则”以及实现“冰山原则”的五大写作技巧——简洁的文字和电报式的对话、外聚焦型叙事视角、象征手法的运用、零度结尾和重复手法的使用。通过对海明威几部经典短篇小说具体细致的文本分析,揭示海明威是如何巧妙运用这些高超的写作技巧使“冰山原则”在其短篇小说中得到完美体现的。第五章是结语部分,总结“海明威风格”的涵义、成因和主要特征及其在海明威短篇小说中的体现。
[Abstract]:In 20th century, Ernest Hemingway was one of the most famous modern novelists in the history of American literature. In 1954, Hemingway won the Nobel Prize for Literature. Hemingway's unique style won him countless readers and attracted great attention from literary critics. As a result, various academic papers and research works on Hemingway's style and works have sprung up in large numbers, making Hemingway style a specific literary term. There are two shortcomings in the existing literature. One is that most of the literature focuses on Ernest Hemingway's medium-length novels. However, Hemingway's unique style is the most perfect embodiment in his short stories. The second is that the study of Hemingway style is not systematic and comprehensive enough, so it can not clarify the exact meaning of Hemingway style. This paper makes a comprehensive discussion on Hemingway's style and its embodiment in his short stories, and analyzes in detail the relationship between Hemingway's life experience and the formation of his unique style, as well as the theme of Hemingway's style. Features of characters, Iceberg principles, and writing techniques related to the implementation of Iceberg principles. Hemingway's masterpiece of short stories, A Clean and bright place, the White Elephant Mountains, < Francis; McComber's brief happy life. "the Killer" and "the waiting of the Day" are selected as examples of text analysis to illustrate the perfect embodiment of Hemingway's style in his short stories. The full text is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, which mainly introduces the main purpose and significance of this paper, points out the two deficiencies of the existing research literature about Hemingway and his works, and clarifies the exact meaning of Hemingway style. The second chapter focuses on Hemingway's life experience, including his early childhood, his experience as a reporter at the Kansas Star News. Many experiences of participating in the war and contacts with outstanding writers such as pound and Stein while living in Paris as foreign correspondents. At the same time, the great influence of Hemingway's rich life experience on the formation of his unique style is studied and expounded. The third chapter mainly expounds the prominent features of Hemingway style in two aspects: the theme selection and the character image shaping, that is, the eternal death theme and the character image of "standard hero" which appears in high frequency. And concretely analyzes its embodiment in several representative short stories of Hemingway. Chapter 4th studies the most prominent features of Hemingway's style, namely, the famous ellipsis theory, the iceberg principle, and the five writing techniques for realizing the Iceberg principle-concise dialogue and telegraphic dialogue, and an external focus narrative perspective. The use of symbolism, the end of zero and the use of repetition. Through the detailed text analysis of several classic short stories by Hemingway, It reveals how Hemingway skillfully used these superb writing techniques to make the Iceberg principle perfectly embodied in his short stories. Chapter 5th is the conclusion, summarizing the meaning, causes and main characteristics of Hemingway style and its embodiment in Hemingway's short stories.
【学位授予单位】：海南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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