后现代现实主义视角下的《坠落的人》

发布时间：2018-03-13 08:49

本文选题：后现代现实主义　切入点：现实关注　出处：《河北师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：《坠落的人》是美国当代著名作家唐·德里罗发表于2007年的作品。小说以举世震惊的“9·11”恐怖袭击事件为题材,具有恢宏的历史背景。但在作品中作者将视角限定于极小的光圈,着眼于恐怖事件后一对普通纽约夫妻的生活和心理体验历程,以提喻的方式揭示了”9-11”事件造成的巨大损失和带给世人难以平复的心理创伤与困惑。同时作品还巧妙地融入了对恐怖分子和被称作“坠落的人”的行为艺术家描述,形成德里罗对“9·11”事件的独具特色的解读。国内外对这部作品的研究多集中于创伤记忆和平复创伤这一主题以及作品中后现代创作手法。此篇论文将独辟蹊径,从后现代现实主义的视角分析这部小说。后现代现实主义小说体现了作家对历史和现实的深切关注,又超越了传统现实主义对“现实”概念的局限—展现“后现代语”境中的现实。这类作品继承了传统实主义小说注重人物刻画和讲故事的优点,同时在现代主义和后代主义作品中借鉴成熟的审美和创作手法,形成独特的创作风格。在一定程度上,后现代现实主义小说体现了现实主义在后现代语境下新的发展。《坠落的人》聚焦了后“9·11”时期民众的心理波澜；生动地塑造了充满内心矛盾的普通人,讲述发生在他们周边的故事；描述了被劫持飞机撞击向北塔那惊心动魄的瞬间,从而以独特的视角和细腻的笔触展现了幸存者内心世界；悼念了袭击中的遇难者；谴责了恐怖主义和美国政府的对内对外政策。同时小说的叙事结构和某些创作手法又具有显著后现代文学的特征。而这些创作方法和策略服务于揭示当今社会人们的真实心态与生存状况。由此小说体现了后现代现实主义特色。本文由引言,三个章节和结论五部分组成。引言简要介绍作者和其创作风格、《坠落的人》的主要情节并回顾了对它的文学评价,同时介绍了论文的理论基础：文学中的后现代现实主义。第一章解读小说中的后现代现实主题。小说探讨了恐怖袭击对民众造成的辐射性心理创伤,作者对恐怖主义的进行反思同时指出即便在恐怖袭击的阴影下仍有人性的温情存在。第二章分析小说塑造了后现代现实主义视域下的典型人物：人们经受的心理危机和为适应现实做出的内心调和与精神求索。第三章探讨了小说的写作技巧：重复和平行蒙太奇两种创作技巧的运用解构了小说常规叙事结构,重建了德里罗对“9·11”事件的解读并重塑了恐怖分子形象,在深化主题的同时给读者以全新的审美体验。论文结论部分指出：尽管对于文学领域内的后现代现实主义界定目前尚不十分明晰,但不妨碍以其本特色来评价《坠落的人》—这将是一次有建设性的有益尝试。论文从后现代现实主义视角分析《坠落的人》。旨在说明在这部作品中德里罗利用多元的创作技巧关注现实主题,讲述了生动故事并塑造了典型人物。因此《坠落的人》体现了后现代现实主义小说的创作原则。后现代现实主义铺设了研究《坠落的人》的新途径。而从这一角度对作品的解读也必然会开拓读者的视野并深化我们对文学中后现代现实主义的理解。
[Abstract]:< > falling is a famous contemporary American writer Don Delera published works in 2007. For the novels to shocking "9 - 11" terrorist attacks, has a historical background. But in the works of the author will be limited to the minimum angle of aperture, focus on the terrorist attacks after a pair of ordinary couples living in New York and the psychological experience, by synecdoche reveals the "9-11" incident caused huge losses to the world and difficult to heal the psychological trauma and confusion. At the same time also works cleverly into the terrorists and called "falling man" behavior artist description, interpretation of Delillo "9 / 11" event the unique. The domestic and foreign research on this work focused on the traumatic memories and heal the theme and works of postmodern writing techniques. This paper will from the modern way The novel is analyzed in the perspective of realism.
Postmodern realism novels reflect the writer deeply concerned about the history and reality, but also beyond the traditional realism of the concept of "reality" limitations - Show "postmodern language" in the environment of reality. This kind of works inherited the traditional realism novels focus on the characters and story and learn from the mature aesthetic advantages. And the creation of modernism and Postmodernism in the works, form a unique writing style. In a certain extent, postmodern realism novels reflects the new development of realism in the postmodern context.
< > falling people focus after "9 - 11" period people's psychological turmoil; vividly portray ordinary people full of inner contradictions, the story happened in the story around them; describes the hijacked aircraft crashed into the north tower that thrilling moment, and with a unique perspective and delicate brushstrokes to show the survivors the inner world; mourn the victims of the attacks on foreign policy; condemned terrorism and the government of the United States. At the same time, the structure of the novels and some creative techniques and features of modern literature. These significant creative methods and strategies to reveal the true service attitude and living conditions of people in modern society. The novel reflects the postmodern features of realism.
This article is composed of the introduction, the three chapters and the five parts of the conclusion.
The introduction briefly introduces the main plot of the author and his writing style, the fallen man, and reviews its literary evaluation. Meanwhile, it introduces the theoretical basis of the thesis: the postmodern realism in literature.
The first chapter interprets the theme of post-modern reality in the novel. The novel explores the radiation psychological trauma caused by terrorist attacks on the public. The author reflects on terrorism and points out that even under the shadow of terrorist attacks, there is still warmth in human nature.
The second chapter analyzes the typical characters in postmodern realism: the psychological crisis people have suffered and the inner coordination and spiritual quest for adaptation.
The third chapter discusses the novel writing techniques: the use of repetition and parallel montage two kinds of creative skills to deconstruct the conventional novel narrative structure, reconstruction of the Delillo interpretation of "9 - 11" incident and reshaping the image of terrorists, in deepening the theme and give the reader a new aesthetic experience.
The conclusion of the paper points out that although the definition of Postmodernism in the literary field is not very clear at present, it will not obstruct the evaluation of falling people with its own characteristics. This will be a constructive and useful attempt.
From the perspective of postmodern realism "falling man. To illustrate in this novel Delillo usingmultivariate creative skills focus on the reality theme, tells a vivid story and created typical characters. So < fall > embodies the creative principle of postmodern realism novels. A new way of" falling > after the laying of modern realism. And from the perspective of reading will also develop readers' horizons and deepen our understanding of the literature in postmodern realism.

【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

【参考文献】