萨特存在主义理论视角下的《太阳照常升起》

发布时间：2018-06-06 16:43

本文选题：存在主义 + 海明威　；参考：《中南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：存在主义产生于20世纪20年代,流行于40年代到60年代,是当代西方世界一个重要的哲学流派。存在主义文学的基本主题是揭露世界的荒诞性和人存在的虚无性,肯定人的存在先于本质,并提出人在荒诞、绝望的境况中有自由去选择和采取行动,从而找到生存的价值和意义。这种理念反映战后西方人存在的困惑,也表现出存在主义者们对人类生存状况的深切关注。美国文坛巨匠海明威的许多作品都反映出他对人类生存状况和生存意义的独特理解,他的战后重要作品《太阳照常升起》描述了一个荒诞、混乱的战后世界。战争给人带来痛苦,摧毁了人们的正常生活,生活在这个非理性的世界中,人们失去了信仰与理想,成了“迷惘的一代”,过着痛苦虚无的生活。虽然,世界是荒诞的,人生是虚无的,但小说中的人们依然具有“硬汉”精神,通过自己的自由行动和选择,在痛苦中积极寻求生存的意义,找到生存的真正价值和意义。这些思想与存在主义思想互相吻合。本论文将以萨特的存在主义理论为理论依据,探讨《太阳照常升起》中的存在主义倾向。全文包括引言、正文和结论三部分。其中正文包含三章内容,从三个方面来探讨小说中的存在主义思想,即：存在,荒诞与虚无性和人的自由选择。第一章结合小说的社会背景、作者及作品中人物的思想状况探讨存在理念,此部分是对该小说的宏观分析。第二章论述小说通过描写战后人们生活的混乱和痛苦的意识,揭示社会的荒诞性和人生的虚无性。第三章阐释小说中的人物虽处在荒诞世界中,面对痛苦虚无的生活带来的重压,他们有自由做出自己的选择并采取积极行动,用高雅的姿态保持人性的尊严,从而找到生存的真正价值和意义。基于上述分析,本文认为,《太阳照常升起》反映了一战后“迷惘一代”的情绪体验与生存状况,凸现了人生的无奈与生存的荒诞,多方面反映了海明威的存在主义思想倾向。笔者认为,小说中反映的存在主义思想启迪人们更加深刻地了解生活,启发人们以更加乐观向上的态度对待生活,创造自我,找寻生存的意义。
[Abstract]:Existentialism emerged in the 1920s and became popular from 1940s to 1960s. It is an important philosophical school in the contemporary western world. The basic theme of existentialist literature is to expose the absurdity of the world and the nihilism of human existence, affirm the existence of man before its essence, and propose that man has the freedom to choose and take action in the circumstances of absurdity and despair. In order to find the value and significance of survival. This idea reflects the bewilderment of the postwar westerners and the existentialists' deep concern about the living conditions of mankind. Many of the works of the American literary magnate Hemingway reflect his unique understanding of the condition and significance of human existence. His postwar masterpiece, the Sun as usual, depicts an absurd, chaotic postwar world. War brings pain to people, destroys people's normal life, lives in this irrational world, people lost faith and ideal, became "lost generation", and lived a miserable life of nothingness. Although the world is absurd and life is nihilistic, the people in the novel still have the spirit of "tough man". Through their own free actions and choices, they actively seek the meaning of survival and find the real value and significance of survival in pain. These ideas are consistent with existentialism. Based on Sartre's existentialism theory, this thesis will explore the existentialism tendency in Sun as usual. The full text includes three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The text consists of three chapters, and discusses the existentialism in the novel from three aspects: existence, absurdity and nihilism, and man's free choice. The first chapter discusses the concept of existence in combination with the social background of the novel and the ideological situation of the author and the characters in the novel, which is the macro analysis of the novel. The second chapter discusses that the novel reveals the absurdity of society and the nihilism of life by describing the consciousness of chaos and suffering in postwar people's life. The third chapter explains that although the characters in the novel are in the absurd world, they have the freedom to make their own choices and take positive actions to maintain the dignity of human nature with elegant posture in the face of the heavy pressure brought about by the painful and nihilistic life. In order to find the real value and significance of existence. Based on the above analysis, this paper holds that the rising of the Sun as usual reflects the emotional experience and living conditions of the "lost generation" after the first World War, and highlights the helplessness of life and the absurdity of survival. It reflects Hemingway's existentialism in many ways. The author believes that the existentialism reflected in the novel enlightens people to understand life more deeply, and enlightens people to treat life with a more optimistic attitude, to create themselves and to find the meaning of survival.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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