赫斯顿的《他们眼望上苍》与自传式写作研究

发布时间：2018-06-16 21:08

本文选题：左拉·尼尔·赫斯顿 + 《他们眼望上苍》　；参考：《吉林师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：左拉·尼尔·赫斯顿作为第一个描写黑人女性的身份诉求的黑人女性作家被视为20世纪黑人女性文学中举足轻重的作家。《他们眼望上苍》是赫斯顿最著名的作品。在这部小说中，她颠覆了以往黑人女性卑微的形象，创作了一个新的黑人女性形象，珍妮。这部小说由于生动地阐释了美国黑人女性积极正面的人生态度，已经取得一致好评。同时，，也创造了当代美国黑人女性主义文学传统的新准则。正如我们所知，该部小说是由赫斯顿根据自己的现实生活创作而成。本论文主要探究赫斯顿的《他们眼望上苍》的自传色彩和黑人女性自传式书写，借助传记理论和黑人女性主义批评为理论依据。该论文主要包含五部分：第一章，首先，对赫斯顿和其代表作《他们眼望上苍》进行了简介。其次，简要介绍黑人女性自传体写作的产生、发展，对其进行简单的梳理。最后，总结性地叙述《他们眼望上苍》的国内外研究现状。第二章，介绍本文运用的理论，黑人女性主义批评和传记理论。这部分主要对这两个理论的内容、发展情况进行系统地梳理。第三章，解读《他们眼望上苍》的自传性，运用传记理论中的“三维事实”理论来论证该篇的自传性。“三维事实”包括自传事实，传记事实和历史事实。传记事实被看做是“我与我周旋”，用来构建自我发展的事实，例如，珍妮的三次婚姻及其成长经历都是自传事实，传记事实是“我与别人的关系”，如珍妮和甜点心的关系，以及和好心白人的关系等，历史事实注重“我与时代的关系”黑人女性作为亚文化群体，在美国社会中的种族和性别歧视就是重要的历史事实。第四章，阐释黑人女性身份的诉求和美国黑人女性的自传式写作。重点分析《他们眼望上苍》中的珍妮的身份认同，经历了身份诉求的觉醒，身份认同的艰辛进程，最后取得了尊重和身份认同。这也显示了黑人女性的寻求身份认同之路充满了荆棘。其次，深入论述美国黑人女性自传式写作与身份认同问题。结论，从传记理论和黑人女性主义批评角度分析《他们眼望上苍》不仅是一部出色的女性主义小说，从传记的三维事实理论来解读，该篇更是一部美国黑人女性的自传体小说。事实上，赫斯顿想通过珍妮的角色鼓励所有黑人女性去勇敢地追寻自我的身份认同。和她对美国黑人女性文学的贡献足以影响美国黑人女性文学领域的其他美国黑人女性作家。传记理论对于《他们眼望上苍》的研究提供了一个新的视角，对其研究的深入也更好地证明了赫斯顿对当代美国文学做出的重要贡献。
[Abstract]:Zola Neill Heston, as the first black female writer to describe the identity demands of black women, is regarded as the most important writer in the black women's literature in the 20th century. In this novel, she subverts the humble image of black women and creates a new image of black women, Jenny. The novel has been well received for its vivid interpretation of the positive and positive attitude of black women in the United States. At the same time, it also creates new norms of contemporary black feminist literary tradition in the United States. As we all know, the novel was written by Heston according to his real life. This thesis mainly explores the autobiographical color and the autobiographical writing of Heston's their eyes to Heaven, based on the theory of biographies and black feminist criticism. The thesis consists of five parts: the first chapter introduces Heston and his masterpiece, their eyes and Heaven. Secondly, it briefly introduces the generation and development of the autobiographical writing of black women. Finally, a summary of the domestic and foreign research situation of their vision of God is given. The second chapter introduces the theory, black feminist criticism and biographical theory. This part mainly reviews the content and development of the two theories. In the third chapter, the autobiographical nature of their eyes is interpreted, and the autobiographical theory of "three dimensional facts" in biographical theory is used to prove the autobiographical nature of this article. Three-dimensional facts include autobiographical facts, biographical facts and historical facts. Biographical facts are seen as "me and me," which are used to construct self-development facts. For example, Jenny's three marriages and her upbringing are all autobiographical facts. Biographical facts are "my relationships with others," such as the relationship between Jenny and dessert. The historical facts focus on "the relationship between me and the times". As a subcultural group, the racial and gender discrimination in American society is an important historical fact. Chapter four explains the appeal of black women's identity and the autobiographical writing of American black women. This paper focuses on the analysis of Jenny's identity in their eyes on Heaven, which has experienced the awakening of identity demands, the arduous process of identity, and finally the achievement of respect and identity. This also shows that black women's search for identity is full of thorns. Secondly, it discusses the autobiographical writing and identity of black women in America. Conclusion: from the perspective of biographical theory and Negro feminist criticism, they look forward to Heaven is not only an outstanding feminist novel, but also an autobiographical novel of black American women. In fact, Heston wants to encourage all black women to pursue their identity bravely through Jeanne's role. Her contribution to black women's literature in the United States is enough to influence other black American women writers in the field of black women's literature in the United States. The biographical theory provides a new angle of view for the study of their eyes to Heaven, and the depth of his research also proves Heston's important contribution to contemporary American literature.
【学位授予单位】：吉林师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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