赛珍珠《大地三部曲》中农民与土地关系的变迁

发布时间：2018-09-06 08:58

【摘要】：赛珍珠有中美两国跨文化的生活背景,创作的《大地三部曲》因史诗般的描写中国农民的情况,呈现不为人知的中国文化而获得了诺贝尔文学奖。中国农民与土地的关系,是一个变化发展的过程。本篇论文主要研究赛珍珠《大地三部曲》反映的农民与土地关系的变迁。第一章绪论主要介绍了赛珍珠的一些基本情况,以及国内外对赛珍珠研究的发展情况。中国对赛珍珠的研究分为三个阶段,第一个阶段是二十世纪三四十年代,这个时期国内广泛的翻译、介绍赛珍珠的作品,评论家们褒贬不一、评价不同。第二个阶段是二十世纪六十年代,受到国内外政治氛围的影响,主要是对赛珍珠进行评判、封锁,认为赛珍珠是反动文人。第三个阶段是二十世纪八十年代至今,国内对赛珍珠进行了新的评价、新的定位,越来越多的学者开始关注、研究赛珍珠,研究角度也越来越多样,涌现了以王逢振为代表的一批赛珍珠研究专家。论文第一章主要分析《大地三部曲》中王龙与土地的关系。其中,也明确提出在本篇论文中农民与土地的不同定义。王龙是中国传统农民的缩影,他对土地有一种深深的眷恋之情。中国的农耕文化使得农民与土地形成了血肉相连的关系。王龙出身贫农,深知土地对于农民的意义。他视土地为生命,紧紧把握土地。一旦有了多余的钱,就马上置办土地,有了土地才有安全感。在灾荒年岁,即使全家人处于生死边缘,王龙也不愿意卖地,他相信只要土地在那里,希望就在那里。逃亡南方的王龙,因为一次抢大户的行动得到意外之财,人生发生转机,最终成为了当地的大地主。发家之后,王龙有过一段时间的迷失,但最终在土地上找到自我,重归大地。晚年时,王龙听到儿子们在商量卖地,他痛哭不已并告诫家人卖地是家族衰败的开始。王龙死后,葬在土地里,真正的与土地融为一体。《大地三部曲》不仅反映了王龙对土地的强烈的爱,也反映了农耕文明对王龙的影响。王龙有着强烈的大家族观念,尽管叔叔对王龙进行敲诈恐吓勒索,明知道一味顺从是不对的,可王龙就是没有反抗的勇气,总觉得无论如何叔叔都是自己一家人。同时,当时的社会重男轻女的风气很浓厚,农民对儿子的渴望非常强烈。再次,对神明的态度很功利,缺乏真正的精神信仰,一切都从现实功利的角度出发。王龙本身是一个闪耀着传统美德品质的人,善良而宽容,有自己的道德底线。论文第二章主要分析王大、王二、王三与土地的关系。王大是长子,曾被王龙寄予厚望,却变成了懒惰享乐的人。王大的生活中只有一件事情,那就是纵情声乐。土地是王大生活的基本保障,在战争年代更是保险的财产。王大依附土地生存,却对土地充满厌恶,因为土地需要管理,这让王大感到麻烦。土地代表勤劳、付出,而这正是王大想要逃避的。王二是一个奸诈的商人,不论是对农民,还是自己的亲戚,甚至对自己的孩子都要求苛刻,明明很有钱,却总是装穷。他对土地没有什么感情,土地在他眼中就是赚钱的工具。王三是一个地方军阀,年少时被父亲指定为家里务农的接班人,失去了上学求知的机会,土地成了他的束缚。后来,他离家出走到南方参军,发动武装暴动,最终拥有自己的队伍。父亲留下的土地成了王虎实现梦想的基础,促使他成为雄霸一方的地方军阀。王虎以土地为基础,却鄙视土地及农民,认为农民是没有价值、低贱的工作。第三章写王源与土地的关系。王源是王家第三代人的代表,从小被父亲当做未来的军阀来培养,没有接触土地的机会。然而,他对土地却有着莫名的强烈的爱,只有接触真正大地,才能感到心灵的安宁。后来,王源去往海滨城市、出国,远离家乡,远离土地,他感到一种无“根”的失落。回国之后的王源经历了一系列现实与梦想差距的打击,最终他审视自己,正视现实,选择了适合自己的科技兴农之路。第四章分析了赛珍珠同时期作家茅盾的“农村三部曲”。茅盾的“农村三部曲”包括《春蚕》《秋收》《残冬》,反映了以老通宝为代表的蚕农的悲惨命运。在反映中国农民问题上,赛珍珠与茅盾的观点有相同之处,也有不同之处。在农民与土地的关系方面,赛珍珠和茅盾都刻画了传统农民对土地的眷恋之情。但在农民后代与土地的关系走向方面,两人却存在着差异,赛珍珠认为农民后代会理性回归土地,而茅盾则寄希望于青年农民的觉醒,希望他们离开土地。关于农民的出路问题,赛珍珠鼓励农民理性的回归土地,探索适合自己的道路,茅盾则认为时代环境变了,以前的老路已经走不通了,只有勇敢的武装反抗,才能得到幸福。赛珍珠对中国农民问题抱有一种温情的期待,认为农民问题可以通过变革的方式得到解决,矛盾却不这么认为,茅盾认为农民问题的根本在于打倒地主等特权阶级,实现真正的耕者有其田。
[Abstract]:Pearl S. Buck has a cross-cultural background in China and the United States. Her "Earth Trilogy" won the Nobel Prize for Literature for its epic description of Chinese peasants and the unknown Chinese culture. The relationship between Chinese peasants and land is a process of change and development. The first chapter introduces the basic situation of Pearl S. Buck and the development of Pearl S. Buck's research at home and abroad. The second stage was the 1960s, which was influenced by the political atmosphere at home and abroad. It mainly judged and blocked Pearl Buck as a reactionary scholar. The third stage was from the 1980s to the present, Pearl Buck has been given a new evaluation, a new orientation, and more and more. More and more scholars began to pay attention to the study of Pearl S. Buck, and more and more research perspectives, the emergence of a group of Pearl S. Buck research experts represented by Wang Fengzhen.
In the first chapter, the author mainly analyzes the relationship between Wang Long and land in the "Earth Trilogy". In this paper, the author also clearly puts forward the different definitions of farmer and land. Long came from a poor peasant and knew well what land meant to the peasants. He regarded land as his life and held it tightly. Once he had extra money, he bought it immediately and felt secure. In famine years, even if his family was on the verge of death, Wang Long was reluctant to sell it. He believed that as long as the land was there, hope would be there. Wanglong in the south, who got an unexpected fortune because of a big household robbery, changed his life and finally became a local landlord. After getting rich, Wanglong was lost for a period of time, but eventually found himself in the land and returned to the earth. In his old age, Wanglong heard his sons discussing land sales. He cried bitterly and warned his family that land sales were the right thing to do. After Wang Long's death, he was buried in the land and truly integrated with the land. not only reflects Wang Long's strong love for the land, but also reflects the influence of farming civilization on Wang Long. Wang Long has a strong family concept, although his uncle blackmailed Wang Long, knowing blindly obedient is not. Yes, but Wang Long did not have the courage to resist. He always felt that his uncle was his own family. At the same time, there was a strong social preference for men and women, and peasants had a strong desire for their sons. It is a person who shines the quality of traditional virtues, kind and tolerant, and has his own moral bottom line.
The second chapter mainly analyzes the relationship between Wang Da, Wang II, Wang San and land. Wang Da is the eldest son, who was once expected by Wang Long, but became a lazy and enjoyable person. There is only one thing in Wang Da's life, that is, indulging in vocal music. Land is the basic guarantee of Wang Da's life, and it is also an insurance property in the war years. He was disgusted with the land, because it needed to be managed. The land represented diligence and devotion, which was exactly what the king wanted to escape. The second was a treacherous businessman, demanding severely on farmers, relatives and even on his children. He was obviously rich, but always pretended to be poor. He had nothing to do with the land. Wang San was a local warlord who was designated by his father as a successor to the family for farming when he was young. He lost the chance to go to school and land became his bondage. Later, he left home and went to the south to join the army, launch an armed riot, and eventually owned his own troops. The land left by his father became his own. Wang Hu realized his dream on the basis of becoming a local warlord on the side of hegemony. Wang Hu based on land, but despised land and farmers, believing that farmers are worthless and cheap work.
The third chapter is about the relationship between Wang Yuan and land.Wang Yuan is the representative of the third generation of Wang family.He was raised by his father as a future warlord and had no chance to touch the land.However,he had an inexplicable strong love for the land.Only by touching the real earth can he feel the peace of mind.Later,Wang Yuan went to the coastal city,went abroad and was far away from home. After returning home, Wang Yuan suffered a series of strikes from the gap between reality and dream. Finally, he looked at himself, faced reality squarely, and chose the right way to develop agriculture through science and technology.
Chapter Four analyzes Mao Dun's "Rural Trilogy". Mao Dun's "Rural Trilogy" includes "Spring Silkworm", "Autumn Harvest", "Candong Winter", which reflects the tragic fate of silkworm farmers represented by Lao Tongbao. In reflecting the problems of Chinese farmers, Pearl Buck and Mao Dun have the same point of view, but also have differences. Pearl S. Buck and Mao Dun both depict the traditional peasants'attachment to land. But there are differences in the direction of the relationship between peasants' descendants and land. Pearl S. Buck thinks that peasants'descendants will return to land rationally, while Mao Dun hopes that young peasants will awaken and leave the land. Pearl S. Buck encouraged the peasants to return to the land rationally and explore their own way. Mao Dun believed that the environment of the times had changed and the old road had become impassable. Mao Dun believed that the root of the peasant problem was to overthrow the landlords and other privileged classes and realize that the real peasants had land.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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