《拥有阴影的女人》中伊法妮的创伤性解读
发布时间：2018-09-10 16:38
【摘要】：《拥有阴影的女人》是美国当代著名印第安女作家、诗人、评论家和学者波拉·甘·艾伦唯一的一部长篇小说，也是她历经人生中最痛苦迷茫的的低谷时期，呕心沥血13年所著成的一部带有自传体风格的小说。该书发表于1983年，发表后受到美国文学界的好评,但是在中国文学界却并未引起强烈反响，至今也并未出现汉语译本。近年来，我国对印第安文学的研究方兴未艾，已经有学者开始专注于对印第安文学的研究，但是对《拥有阴影的女人》这部小说的研究却是寥寥无几，本文试图用创伤理论解读《拥有阴影的女人》这部小说。 小说主人公伊法妮·阿顿休由于自己混血印第安人的特殊身份，从小被排斥在印第安部落和白人文化之外，边缘化的社会地位是她心灵受到创伤的根本原因。从苹果树上跌落后，身体的疼痛和内心的煎熬与羞愧使她对自己的身份、能力产生怀疑和否定。后来又由于自己童年时代表现出的同性恋倾向而被好朋友抛弃，以致她直到成年后也还在逃避自己的同性恋身份。这一系列的创伤事件使伊法妮陷入了严重的精神危机之中，表现出了严重的创伤症状，被噩梦缠绕，对自己和外界感到疏离，并多次企图自杀，最后在朋友和祖母的帮助下，伊法妮得以重新审视印第安传统故事，对创伤事件有了全新的理解，告别了沉痛的过去并且找到生命的意义，最终得以恢复。本文通过文本的细读，结合创伤理论，从主人公所经历的创伤事件，表现出的创伤症状以及创伤治愈的过程可以发现印第安口头传统在治疗当代印第安人种族创伤过程中扮演着重要角色，印第安口头传统对疏离的个人和群体的治疗作用是艾伦这部小说的一个重要主题，对传统和历史的研究可以更好地把握现在，创造未来。 除了引言的结论，全文共分为四章： 引言部分简略地介绍了作者、作品内容，并对国内外有关作品的研究进行了概括和综述，从而引出本文的研究目的及意义。 第一章概述了创伤理论。本章首先明确了创伤的概念，概述了创伤理论的起源，创伤理论的发展，介绍了创伤理论与文学的结合；然后介绍了本文中所要用到的创伤理论，为后面各章的分析奠定了理论基础。 第二章详细阐述了主人公伊法妮创伤的过程和经历，其中包括造成创伤的 第三章根本原因和直接诱因。白人和印第安人的双重排斥是伊法妮受到创伤的根本原因和前提条件，从苹果树上坠落和好朋友的离弃则直接触发了伊法妮的创伤。 第三章详细探讨了伊法妮伤受到创伤以后表现出的症状。其主要表现为噩梦不断，对自身和外界的隔绝与疏离，并且出现自杀倾向。 第四章主要分析伊法妮创伤的复原。朋友特瑞莎帮助伊法妮恢复了对外界的安全感，并且让伊法妮对自己的同性恋身份有了全新的认识和理解，克服了她对同性恋身份的恐慌。通过与祖母和印第安女神的通灵，伊法妮回忆起古老的印第安口头传统，并自身的遭遇与印第安传统故事中的女神结合起来，理解了自己印第安故事中“坠落”的真正内涵，找回了自己的印第安身份，并且明白了自己所肩负的责任，从而走出了创伤。 最后一章得出结论：主人公伊法妮的心理发展轨迹与创伤复原过程与创伤理论相契合，，用创伤理论来分析该作品是可行的。从伊法妮的恢复过程可以看出，印第安口头传统对伊法妮创伤的恢复有着重要作用，印第安传统文化对当代陷入身份困境的因地安人具有治疗作用，是当代印第安文学中的一个重要主题，希望通过对《拥有阴影的女人》进行创伤性解读，可以丰富对印第安文学的研究。
[Abstract]:The Woman with Shadows is the only novel written by the famous contemporary American Indian woman writer, poet, critic and scholar, Paula Gan Allen. It is also a novel with autobiographical style, which was published in 1983 and received after 13 years of painful and confused depression in her life. In recent years, the study of Indian literature in China is in the ascendant. Scholars have begun to focus on the study of Indian literature, but the study of The Woman with Shadows is rare. This article attempts to interpret the novel "shadow woman" by trauma theory.
Because of her mixed-race Indian identity, the novel's protagonist, Effanie Aton Hugh, was excluded from the Indian tribe and the white culture from her childhood. Marginalization of social status was the fundamental cause of her trauma. Falling from the apple tree, physical pain and inner suffering and shame made her self-identity and ability. Then she was abandoned by her good friends because of her homosexual tendencies in childhood, so that she escaped her homosexual identity even in adulthood. This series of traumatic events plunged Evani into a serious mental crisis, showed serious traumatic symptoms, was haunted by nightmares, right. With the help of her friends and grandmother, Evanie was able to re-examine the traditional Indian stories, gain a new understanding of traumatic events, bid farewell to the painful past and find the meaning of life, and finally recover. The traumatic events, symptoms and healing process of the hero can be found that the Indian oral tradition plays an important role in the treatment of the ethnic trauma of contemporary Indians. The therapeutic effect of the Indian oral tradition on alienated individuals and groups is an important theme of Allen's novel. The study of unification and history can better grasp the present and create the future.
In addition to the conclusion of the introduction, the full text is divided into four chapters.
The introduction briefly introduces the author and the content of the work, and summarizes the research on the works at home and abroad, thus leading to the purpose and significance of this study.
In the first chapter, the concept of trauma is defined, the origin of trauma theory, the development of trauma theory and the combination of trauma theory and literature are summarized.
The second chapter elaborates on the trauma process and experience of the hero, Fanny, including trauma.
Chapter Three is the root cause and direct inducement. The dual exclusion of the white and Indians is the basic cause and prerequisite for the wound. Falling from the apple tree and the abandonment of a good friend directly triggered the wound.
The third chapter discusses in detail the symptoms of Evani's trauma, which are characterized by nightmares, isolation and alienation from herself and the outside world, and suicidal tendencies.
Chapter Four focuses on the recovery of Evanie's trauma. Friend Teresa helps Evanie regain her sense of security from the outside world, and gives her a new understanding of her homosexual identity and overcomes her fear of homosexuality. By channeling with her grandmother and Indian goddess, Evanie recalls the ancient Indians. The oral tradition of the Indians, combined with their own experiences with the goddess in the traditional Indian stories, comprehends the true meaning of the "fall" in their Indian stories, regains their Indian identity, and understands their responsibilities, thus out of the trauma.
The last chapter concludes that the psychological development of the protagonist Evani is consistent with the trauma recovery process and trauma theory, and it is feasible to analyze the work with trauma theory. It is hoped that the traumatic interpretation of Woman with Shadows will enrich the study of Indian literature.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I712.074
本文编号：2235007
[Abstract]:The Woman with Shadows is the only novel written by the famous contemporary American Indian woman writer, poet, critic and scholar, Paula Gan Allen. It is also a novel with autobiographical style, which was published in 1983 and received after 13 years of painful and confused depression in her life. In recent years, the study of Indian literature in China is in the ascendant. Scholars have begun to focus on the study of Indian literature, but the study of The Woman with Shadows is rare. This article attempts to interpret the novel "shadow woman" by trauma theory.
Because of her mixed-race Indian identity, the novel's protagonist, Effanie Aton Hugh, was excluded from the Indian tribe and the white culture from her childhood. Marginalization of social status was the fundamental cause of her trauma. Falling from the apple tree, physical pain and inner suffering and shame made her self-identity and ability. Then she was abandoned by her good friends because of her homosexual tendencies in childhood, so that she escaped her homosexual identity even in adulthood. This series of traumatic events plunged Evani into a serious mental crisis, showed serious traumatic symptoms, was haunted by nightmares, right. With the help of her friends and grandmother, Evanie was able to re-examine the traditional Indian stories, gain a new understanding of traumatic events, bid farewell to the painful past and find the meaning of life, and finally recover. The traumatic events, symptoms and healing process of the hero can be found that the Indian oral tradition plays an important role in the treatment of the ethnic trauma of contemporary Indians. The therapeutic effect of the Indian oral tradition on alienated individuals and groups is an important theme of Allen's novel. The study of unification and history can better grasp the present and create the future.
In addition to the conclusion of the introduction, the full text is divided into four chapters.
The introduction briefly introduces the author and the content of the work, and summarizes the research on the works at home and abroad, thus leading to the purpose and significance of this study.
In the first chapter, the concept of trauma is defined, the origin of trauma theory, the development of trauma theory and the combination of trauma theory and literature are summarized.
The second chapter elaborates on the trauma process and experience of the hero, Fanny, including trauma.
Chapter Three is the root cause and direct inducement. The dual exclusion of the white and Indians is the basic cause and prerequisite for the wound. Falling from the apple tree and the abandonment of a good friend directly triggered the wound.
The third chapter discusses in detail the symptoms of Evani's trauma, which are characterized by nightmares, isolation and alienation from herself and the outside world, and suicidal tendencies.
Chapter Four focuses on the recovery of Evanie's trauma. Friend Teresa helps Evanie regain her sense of security from the outside world, and gives her a new understanding of her homosexual identity and overcomes her fear of homosexuality. By channeling with her grandmother and Indian goddess, Evanie recalls the ancient Indians. The oral tradition of the Indians, combined with their own experiences with the goddess in the traditional Indian stories, comprehends the true meaning of the "fall" in their Indian stories, regains their Indian identity, and understands their responsibilities, thus out of the trauma.
The last chapter concludes that the psychological development of the protagonist Evani is consistent with the trauma recovery process and trauma theory, and it is feasible to analyze the work with trauma theory. It is hoped that the traumatic interpretation of Woman with Shadows will enrich the study of Indian literature.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I712.074
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