《卖花女》的社会语言学研究

发布时间：2018-12-16 17:05

【摘要】：语言是动态的,随着人类的发展而发展。早期的研究将语言视为一种孤立的现象,脱离社会,规避非语言因素的影响。然而,语言与社会是紧密相连的,直到二十世纪六十年代,国内外学者才把注意力集中到语言与社会的关系上来。随着布莱恩语言与社会共变理论的提出以及拉波夫纽约商场实验方法的创建,社会语言学才真正开始。前人主要是用实证研究方法验证语言变异理论,论证语言使用与社会诸因素的相似性。本文尝试借助拉波夫的变异理论分析英国现代杰出剧作家萧伯纳的《卖花女》。《卖花女》是一部带有强烈喜剧色彩的名作。这部作品以语言文化为题材,向我们讲述了街头卖花女伊莉莎“麻雀”变“凤凰”的故事。通过语言的改变,主人公伊莉莎实现了自己命运的转变,成功融入上层社会。作品向我们展示了语言的巨大威力和强大的社会功用。前人对《卖花女》的研究多集中于文学角度,本文将用社会语言学理论解读《卖花女》,试图找出剧中决定说话者地位身份的语言因素。通过文本分析,我们发现语言除了交流信息还可以指示说话者的身份和社会地位,在交往的过程中,人们有意无意地通过改变语言形式传递他的社会信息。社会地位低的人与社会地位高的人在交往时也会改变语言以示对他的尊重与敬畏。语言亦存在社会阶级。人们通过听某些语音或者词汇就能判断出说话者是社会地位高的人,这并不是因为这些语言特点专属于高社会阶层人员,而是因为社会地位低的人群不能准确掌握这类语言,凸显其特点,也没有条件去学习。正是这些语言特点指示,决定了说话者的身份和社会地位。剧中伊莉莎大部分时间都在学习元音的发音,通过分析我们发现／·au/,／·i/指示社会地位低,而其相应的标准发音／ei／,/au/指示社会地位高。我们还发现在当时女性和男性关注谈论的话题有很大差异：女性关注衣着,社会交往和爱情,而男性对文学,艺术更感兴趣。伊莉莎改变口音的初始目的是当花店店员,换句话说,卖花女想跻身比自己社会地位高的的社会集团,而改变口音是实现这一目标的重要途径。伊莉莎改变自己的语言使之足够标准来符合上层社会的要求。首先,她表现出了积极的语言态度。伊莉莎竭尽全力改变自己的糟糕英语,使之标准化,趋于完美,以此重塑自己的社会身份,踏入上层社会,并在此阶层找到归属感。这些研究结果不仅加深了人们对语言与社会关系的理解,更加拓宽了对《卖花女》的解读视角,同时也能帮助人们在现实生活中建立融洽的人际关系。未来的研究可结合有声可视资料考察性别言语差异,包括说话语调和发音特点。
[Abstract]:Language is dynamic and develops with the development of mankind. The early studies regarded language as an isolated phenomenon, divorced from society and avoided the influence of non-linguistic factors. However, language and society are closely linked, until the 1960s, scholars at home and abroad did not focus on the relationship between language and society. With the development of Blaine's theory of co-transformation of language and society and the establishment of Labov's New York market experiment method, sociolinguistics really began. The former mainly uses the empirical research method to verify the language variation theory and to demonstrate the similarity between language use and social factors. Based on Lapov's theory of variation, this paper attempts to analyze George Bernard Shaw's "Flower woman" by George Bernard Shaw, who is a famous work with a strong comedy color. The novel, based on language and culture, tells us the story of Eliza, a street flower girl, changed from "Sparrow" to "Phoenix". Through the change of language, the protagonist Eliza realized the transformation of her own destiny and successfully integrated into the upper class. The works show us the great power and social function of language. Most of the previous studies on Flower Girl focus on literature. This paper will use sociolinguistic theory to interpret Flower Girl in order to find out the linguistic factors that determine the status of the speaker in the play. Through text analysis, we find that language can not only communicate information, but also indicate the identity and social status of the speaker. In the process of communication, people convey their social information intentionally or unintentionally by changing the form of language. A low-status person and a high-status person also change their language to show respect and reverence. Language also has social classes. People can tell by listening to certain sounds or words that the speaker is a person of high social status, not because these language characteristics belong to the high social class, but because the people with low social status can not master the language accurately. Highlight its characteristics, and there are no conditions to learn. It is these linguistic characteristics that determine the identity and social status of the speaker. Eliza spends most of her time studying vowel pronunciation. Through analysis, we find that / au/,/ I / indicates low social status, and its corresponding standard pronunciation / ei/,/au/ indicates high social status. We also found that there was a big difference between women and men when they were talking about topics: women focused on clothing, social interaction and love, while men were more interested in literature and art. Eliza's initial purpose in changing her accent was to be a florist, in other words, a florist who wanted to join a higher social group than herself, and changing her accent was an important way to achieve that goal. Eliza changed her language to meet the needs of the upper class. First, she showed a positive linguistic attitude. Eliza tries her best to change her bad English, standardize it and perfect it, so as to rebuild her social identity, step into the upper class, and find a sense of belonging in this class. These results not only deepen people's understanding of language and social relations, but also broaden the perspective of reading "Flower Girl", and also help people to establish harmonious interpersonal relationship in real life. Future studies can be combined with audible visual data to examine gender differences in speech, including speech intonation and pronunciation.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.073

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