存在主义视域下的《别让我走》
发布时间：2019-01-08 18:34
【摘要】：石黑一雄是一位杰出的日裔英国作家，他的文学创作一直致力于探讨和书写国际题材，关注生活在不同文化背景下人们的生存困境和精神状态，追求文学作品的普世价值。《别让我走》是石黑一雄的最新力作，发表于2005年，并于当年获得了英国文学界最重要的奖项“布克奖”的提名。此外，《时代》杂志也把该小说列为“自1925年至2005年最优秀的英语小说”之一。在这本小说中，石黑一雄借用克隆人的存在状态和生活方式作为隐喻，来拷问人类、尤其是社会中边缘化群体存在的价值和意义。本文采用萨特存在主义中有关“自由选择和处境”、“积极地介入生活”和“自我的超越”等观点，对小说中克隆人这一群体的存在困境和精神状态进行深入分析，以期对生活在现代社会中的人们认识自我、更坦然地应对人生中无可避免的精神困境和挫折提供一定的借鉴意义。 本文共分为三大部分：引言、正文和结语。 在引言部分，作者介绍了石黑一雄主要的文学成就和写作风格，《别让我走》的主要内容以及国内外对该小说的研究现状。 正文部分共分为四个章节。 第一章介绍了萨特存在主义理论的基本观点：世界的荒谬性、存在先于本质、自由选择和人们做出自由选择时所要面临的五大困境、责任以及自我的超越性。 第二章分析小说中主人公所面临的两大生存困境，即疏离的人际关系和无法逃脱的死亡的宿命。克隆人自由选择的权利时刻受到这两大困境的制约。他们渴望人间温情，得到的却是别人的冷漠和轻蔑；他们渴望像正常人那样活得更为长久，死亡却像一个巨大的鬼魅时刻如影随形。 第三章解读三个主人公在这些生存困境下的心理状态。面对人类的漠视，他们感受到的是无以言说的孤独；面对死亡的宿命，他们极为焦虑和惶恐。 第四章主要探讨克隆人对这些困境的超越。他们主要通过两种方式实现了对困境的超越，即现实意义上的超越和精神层面的超越。他们虽然生活在这些困境中，但并没有屈服和自甘堕落，而是积极地介入生活，与命运抗争，最终超越了困境，超越了自我。 基于正文部分的分析，作者得出结论：在《别让我走》这部小说中，石黑一雄通过对克隆人生活的描述，表现了对生活在物欲横流的现代社会中的人们生存困境和精神世界的关注。人类也应该像克隆人那样，，抱一份乐观隐忍的态度，坦然地接受人生中那些客观存在的外部困境和精神困境，积极地去做出人生选择，最大限度地实现有限的人生中蕴藏的无限的生命意义。人生是一个永远也无法走出的困境，但正是在困境中的自强不息，体现了存在的价值和意义。
[Abstract]:Ishihiro is an outstanding British writer of Japanese descent. His literary creation has been devoted to exploring and writing international themes, focusing on the living plight and spiritual state of people living in different cultural backgrounds. Pursue the universal value of literature. "Don't let me go" is Ishiki's latest masterpiece, published in 2005 and nominated for the most important British literary award, the Booker Prize. In addition, time magazine listed the novel as one of the best English novels from 1925 to 2005. In this novel, Ishihiro uses the existence and lifestyle of cloned human beings as metaphors to question the value and significance of the existence of human beings, especially the marginalized groups in society. Based on the views of Sartre existentialism about "free choice and situation", "active involvement in life" and "transcendence of self", this paper makes an in-depth analysis of the plight and mental state of the colony of human cloning in the novel. The purpose is to provide some reference for people living in modern society to understand themselves and to deal with the inevitable spiritual difficulties and setbacks in life more frankly. This paper is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. In the introduction, the author introduces the main literary achievements and writing styles of Ishihiro, the main contents of Don't let me go, and the current research situation of the novel at home and abroad. The text is divided into four chapters. The first chapter introduces the basic viewpoints of Sartre's existentialism: the absurdity of the world, the existence before the essence, the five predicaments of free choice and people's free choice, the responsibility and the transcendence of self. The second chapter analyzes the two major existential dilemmas faced by the protagonist in the novel, that is, the alienated interpersonal relationship and the inevitable fate of death. The right of human cloning to choose freely is always restricted by these two dilemmas. They longed for human kindness, but received the indifference and contempt of others; they longed to live longer as normal men, and to die like a great ghost moment. The third chapter interprets the psychological state of the three protagonists in these plight. In the face of human indifference, they feel unspeakable loneliness, facing the fate of death, they are extremely anxious and frightened. Chapter four mainly discusses the transcendence of human cloning to these dilemmas. They transcend the predicament mainly in two ways, that is, the transcendence in the realistic sense and in the spiritual level. Although they live in these difficulties, they do not give in and fall, but actively intervene in life, struggle with fate, and finally transcend the predicament and transcend themselves. Based on the analysis of the text, the author concludes that in "Don't let me go," Ishihiro describes the life of a human clone by describing it. It shows the concern of people's living predicament and spiritual world in the modern society. Human beings should also adopt an optimistic and tolerant attitude, accept the external and spiritual dilemmas that exist objectively in life, and actively make life choices, just like cloning human beings. To maximize the realization of the limitless meaning of life contained in life. Life is a dilemma that can never be out of, but it is in the predicament that self-improvement reflects the value and significance of existence.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I561.074
本文编号：2404973
[Abstract]:Ishihiro is an outstanding British writer of Japanese descent. His literary creation has been devoted to exploring and writing international themes, focusing on the living plight and spiritual state of people living in different cultural backgrounds. Pursue the universal value of literature. "Don't let me go" is Ishiki's latest masterpiece, published in 2005 and nominated for the most important British literary award, the Booker Prize. In addition, time magazine listed the novel as one of the best English novels from 1925 to 2005. In this novel, Ishihiro uses the existence and lifestyle of cloned human beings as metaphors to question the value and significance of the existence of human beings, especially the marginalized groups in society. Based on the views of Sartre existentialism about "free choice and situation", "active involvement in life" and "transcendence of self", this paper makes an in-depth analysis of the plight and mental state of the colony of human cloning in the novel. The purpose is to provide some reference for people living in modern society to understand themselves and to deal with the inevitable spiritual difficulties and setbacks in life more frankly. This paper is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. In the introduction, the author introduces the main literary achievements and writing styles of Ishihiro, the main contents of Don't let me go, and the current research situation of the novel at home and abroad. The text is divided into four chapters. The first chapter introduces the basic viewpoints of Sartre's existentialism: the absurdity of the world, the existence before the essence, the five predicaments of free choice and people's free choice, the responsibility and the transcendence of self. The second chapter analyzes the two major existential dilemmas faced by the protagonist in the novel, that is, the alienated interpersonal relationship and the inevitable fate of death. The right of human cloning to choose freely is always restricted by these two dilemmas. They longed for human kindness, but received the indifference and contempt of others; they longed to live longer as normal men, and to die like a great ghost moment. The third chapter interprets the psychological state of the three protagonists in these plight. In the face of human indifference, they feel unspeakable loneliness, facing the fate of death, they are extremely anxious and frightened. Chapter four mainly discusses the transcendence of human cloning to these dilemmas. They transcend the predicament mainly in two ways, that is, the transcendence in the realistic sense and in the spiritual level. Although they live in these difficulties, they do not give in and fall, but actively intervene in life, struggle with fate, and finally transcend the predicament and transcend themselves. Based on the analysis of the text, the author concludes that in "Don't let me go," Ishihiro describes the life of a human clone by describing it. It shows the concern of people's living predicament and spiritual world in the modern society. Human beings should also adopt an optimistic and tolerant attitude, accept the external and spiritual dilemmas that exist objectively in life, and actively make life choices, just like cloning human beings. To maximize the realization of the limitless meaning of life contained in life. Life is a dilemma that can never be out of, but it is in the predicament that self-improvement reflects the value and significance of existence.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I561.074
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前3条
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2 李春;石黑一雄访谈录[J];当代外国文学;2005年04期
3 郭国良;李春;;“宿命”下的自由生存——《永远别让我离去》中的生存取向[J];外国文学;2007年03期
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