清代前中期折子戏研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 18:20

本文选题：清代前中期　切入点：折子戏　出处：《广西师范大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：折子戏是指从全本戏中“选取情节相对完整、表演比较精彩的一出或数出单独上演的形式”,也有人把这种形式称为“单出”、“散出”或者“零出”。根据现有资料,折子戏自明代正德年间兴起,经历上百年的发展,在清康乾之际,便取代了全本戏的主体地位,成为了戏曲舞台上的至今仍长盛不衰的表演形式。完成于清乾隆三十九年(1774)的《缀白裘》是折子戏的集大成者,它的出现不仅标志着“昆剧演出史上全本戏时代的结束,从此之后,进入了以演折子戏为主的阶段”,而且还为保存花部地方戏的原生态面貌做了巨大贡献。刊行于清道光十四年(1834)的《审音鉴古录》(原稿可能出于乾隆中期)不仅保存了当时剧坛流行的剧目,更是对昆剧的表演起到了指导和规范的作用,具有明显的舞台指向。此外,还有清无名氏的《千家合锦》、《万家合锦》等诸多选本的行世。明清家乐的勃兴和与普及,为折子戏的生存与发展提供了良好的土壤。形式灵活,表演精湛的折子戏很快的受到了士大夫阶级的喜爱。而士大夫文人阶层对折子戏的接受,又反过来促进了戏曲选本的风行。而在禁中,戏曲表演明显也受到了统治阶级的青睐。康雍乾三朝,戏曲活动频繁而盛大,据有关资料显示,表演剧目大多为短小承应的折子戏。在民间,著名戏班也以演出折子戏为主要的生存发展方式。清嘉道之前折子戏的全面繁荣,固然有传奇体制自身弊病的原因,但主要体现了戏曲向民间的回归和日益商业化的趋势。但是郑振铎先生却指出：“剧坛上渐渐的少演‘全本戏’,我认为这是一种进步,并不是退步。”折子戏的兴盛,不仅有利于丰富提高戏曲的表演艺术,更促进了各行脚色形成并发展自己的本工戏,这也为后代戏曲表演艺术流派的形成做了准备。最为难得是,伴随着折子戏而产生的戏曲选本热潮,为保存大量的佚失剧目做出了难以估量的贡献。绪论部分主要阐述了论文的选题缘起和意义,并对折子戏的研究情况做一综述,最后对折子戏的概念做界定。本文第一章主要探讨折子戏在清代前中期全盛原因并在此基础上重现折子戏全盛期的面貌。折子戏在此段时期得以全盛发展一方面由于清前中期戏曲政策的推动,另一方面是传奇这一文体自身弊病的出现而导致文人创作传奇剧本+热情的消失。在康雍乾三朝,单本戏逐渐取代全本戏,禁中节令承应也多为折子戏的形式。在士大夫中,家班的繁盛也推动了折子戏的发展。在民间,大量职业戏班的出现,也和折子戏的繁盛有着密切的关系。本文第二章主要探讨折子戏的选本。随着《缀白裘》、《审音鉴古录》等折子戏选本的出现和各种昆剧身段谱的行世,折子戏的舞台指向性愈发明显。然而,折子戏在文学上却显示出与全本戏一致的审美趋向。从现世的折子戏选本和演出记录可以看出它的内容逐渐由个人情感转向道德教化,语言风格也逐渐由雅音转为俗曲。本文第三章是折子戏的艺术表演方面的研究。从表演场所、表演看点和教习传承三个方面,研究折子戏的完整且成熟的表演艺术和传承方式。本文第四章从戏曲民间化的角度探讨折子戏的价值和其影响。随着折子戏表演艺术的日臻成熟,文学性逐渐消退。另一方面由于折子戏艺术的完备,其对地方小戏的产生与繁荣也起到了不可估量的作用。结语部分指出了论文的不足之处和存在的问题。
[Abstract]:ZheZiXi from all the drama in the "select the plot is relatively complete, performing a comparison or a few wonderful individual staged form", there are people who have this form is called "single", "shed" or "zero". According to the existing data, ZheZiXi from the Ming Dynasty Zhengde rise, development experience for hundreds of years, in the occasion of Kangxi, will be replaced by the dominant position of all the drama, become the performances are still enduring on the opera stage.
Completed in thirty-nine years of Qianlong (1774) > > with white fur is a master of ZheZiXi, it not only marked the emergence of "Kunqu opera performances in the history of the whole opera era came to an end. Since then, in a speech ZheZiXi to the main stage, but also made a great contribution to the preservation of the original ecological landscape flowers the Ministry of local opera. Fourteen years began in the Qing Dynasty (1834)" the Kam ancient recorded sound > (the original may be out of mid Qianlong) not only preserved the popular Repertory Theater at the time, is to guide and regulate the role of Kunqu opera performances, the stage has obvious point. In addition, there are clear. The < > 1000 with Jin, the world bank "wanjiahe Jin > and many of the anthology.
Kellogg's emergence and with the popularity of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, provides a good soil for the survival and development of the opera. The form of flexible, exquisite performance ZheZiXi quickly class loved by the literati. The literati literati acceptance of the opera, in turn promote the popularity of drama anthology. In the cut, opera performances was also favored by the ruling class. Kangxi of three dynasties, frequent and grand opera activities, according to the relevant data show that plays mostly short commitment should be the highlights. In the folk, the famous opera troupe also performed as the main way of survival and development.
Before the Qing Jia Dao opera prosperity, of course there are reasons for the ills of the legendary system itself, but mainly reflects the return of opera to the people and the growing commercial trend. But Mr. Zheng Zhenduo has pointed out: "gradually the little theater play on 'drama', I think this is a step forward, not backward." excerpts of prosperity, not only conducive to improve and enrich the opera performing arts, but also promote the formation and development of their own line of role play in this work, it also made preparations for the formation of offspring drama genre. The most rare is accompanied by a folding sub game and have a drama anthology craze made immeasurable the contribution to preserve a large number of lost repertoire.
The introduction part mainly describes the topic origin and significance, and the research situation of the opera are reviewed, and finally make the concept of excerpts defined.
The first chapter mainly discusses excerpts in the Qing Dynasty before the mid peak and on this basis to reproduce the look of opera heyday. Its development on the one hand to promote the drama policy before the middle of Qing Dynasty opera during this period, on the other hand there is the legend of the style of their own disease caused disadvantages of legendary literary scripts creative passion.. three in Kangxi Dynasty, one of the gradual replacement of the whole drama, contractors should be prohibited in the festival are mostly in the form of excerpts. In the literati, the home of the prosperous classes also promoted the development of opera. In the private sector, the emergence of a large number of occupation drama classes, and excerpts of the prosperous have a close relationship.
The second chapter mainly discusses the ZheZiXi anthology. With the < > < with white fur, the world bank appeared Kam ancient recorded sound and so on ZheZiXi Anthology of Kunqu Opera figure spectrum, the opera stage point is becoming increasingly apparent. However, the excerpts were shown in the literature aesthetic trend is consistent with the drama from the opera. The anthology of the secular and the performance records of its contents can be seen gradually shift from the impersonal moral education, language Ya Yin style changed gradually from folk songs.
The third chapter is the research on the art of performing excerpts. From the venues, performers and instructors aspect inheritance of three aspects of excerpts of a complete and mature way of performing arts and heritage.
The fourth chapter discusses excerpts value and its influence from the angle of folk opera. With more mature opera performing arts, literature gradually subsided. On the other hand, the opera art is complete, the production of local opera and prosperity also played an invaluable role.
The concluding part points out the shortcomings and existing problems of the paper.

【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：J809.2

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