协同与排斥：叙事型相声的会话分析

发布时间：2018-04-08 20:05

本文选题：讲述故事　切入点：听者　出处：《山东大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： “讲述故事”伴随着人类文明产生,是最古老又最常见的人类活动之一,有关“讲述故事”的研究可以追溯到亚里士多德时期,而现代意义上的“讲述故事”研究直到20世纪80年代初期才展开,主要分布在历史、戏剧、人类学、以及社会学等领域。早期的“讲述故事”研究主要采用文本分析或独白性解读对故事本身进行阐释,即“讲述故事”被看作是没有故事讲述者的故事文本或者没有听众的故事独白,因此听者被认为是缺省或被动的参与者。之后,从阐释学角度审视问题的社会语言学及会话分析为“讲述故事”提供了新的视角,研究者通过故事讲述者运用的语言资源逐渐认识到了“讲述故事”的主体间性。然而,“讲述故事”这一双边建构过程中的另一方—听者,尤其是听者参与故事讲述过程的手段,在现有研究中未得到关注。本文把“讲述故事”看作一个由故事讲述者和听者协同参与的交际过程,主要探讨听者在故事讲述过程中所起到的作用。本研究的数据来源于国内常见的故事讲述艺术形式—叙事型对口相声,数据分析的理论框架为会话分析,具体包括话轮转换,反馈语和话轮设计。研究结果显示,故事叙述过程中故事讲述者与听者之间表面的不对称性只能表明两者话语数量的不相等而并非两者话语作用的不平衡。听者通过运用由主动到被动的一系列的语言资源参与到故事讲述当中,包括运用反馈语以及话轮转换促进故事情节的展开,通过自我选择发起话轮引出故事背景丰富故事内容,通过发表评论揭示故事中的不协调因素。这些不同的参与手段及话轮设计方式反映了听者对故事讲述过程或内容的协同和排斥,从而对故事情节发展产生一定影响。
[Abstract]:"storytelling" is one of the oldest and most common human activities along with the emergence of human civilization. The study of "storytelling" dates back to Aristotle's time.The study of "telling stories" in the modern sense was not carried out until the early 1980s, mainly in the fields of history, drama, anthropology, sociology and so on.Early "storytelling" studies mainly use text analysis or monologue to interpret the story itself, that is, "telling a story" is regarded as a story text without a storyteller or a monologue without an audience.The listener is therefore considered a default or passive participant.After that, sociolinguistics and conversational analysis from the perspective of hermeneutics provide a new perspective for storytelling, and researchers gradually realize the intersubjectivity of storytelling through the language resources used by storytellers.However, the other party in the process of bilateral construction, the listener, especially the listener, has not been paid much attention to in the process of storytelling.This paper regards "telling a story" as a communicative process in which the storyteller and the listener participate together, and mainly discusses the role played by the listener in the process of storytelling.The data of this study are derived from the common art of story telling-narrative counterpart crosstalk. The theoretical framework of data analysis is conversational analysis, including turn-switching, feedback and turn-around design.The results show that the apparent asymmetry between the storyteller and the listener in the process of story telling can only indicate that the quantity of the two words is not equal, but not the imbalance of the function of the two words.The listener takes part in the story by using a series of language resources from active to passive, including the use of feedback language and turn-switching to promote the development of the story plot, and lead to the rich content of the story background through self-selection.Reveal the incongruity of the story by making comments.These different means of participation and the design of the turn of speech reflect the cooperation and rejection of the story telling process or content by the listener, thus exerting a certain influence on the development of the story plot.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：J826;H13

【相似文献】