浅论文学艺术的真实性
发布时间:2018-11-25 08:35
【摘要】:传统的文艺真实观,并没有一个严格的时间界限,主要指以反映论为哲学基础的一种 对文艺真实的观点,从狭义来讲,主要指我国八十年代文艺真实性问题讨论中对这一问题 形成的一些主要观点。 传统的文艺真实论,其实质是从三个不同角度对文艺作品进行评判:(一)是否反映 了真实的社会主活;(二)是否“合情合理”地反映了社会生活:(三)是否反映了社会 生活发生、发展的本质、规律及社会发展的趋势。 三个方面的评判标准从不同层面,不同角度出发解决问题,相互独立又相互补充,均 以唯物主义反映论为哲学出发点,曾为文艺理论中具体问题的解决作出过巨大贡献。但是, 三个方面都还存在着一定的问题:有一定片面性、矛盾性和单视角性。三个方面基本上都 只看重作品与现实生活的关系,多年来缺少进一步的发展,在解决实际问题时,存在着僵 化倾向。 笔者在分析、评述、继承与借鉴传统真实论的基础上,对艺术真实问题提出新的解诀 设想:首先应以文学艺术的特质──艺术是虚构的时空──出发,在兼顾艺术与社会生活 关系的基础上,更应注重接受者在具体文艺作品接受过程中的真实感受,即文艺的真实是 接受者以假为真。以假为真的“假”指的是具有假定性的艺术品,或者说艺术的虚幻性。 这是艺术存在的前提和特质,以此为界艺术与生活拉开了距离。小说是虚构的生活,诗歌 是虚构的情感……所谓“真”在这里指真实的感觉、感受。只有对艺术品具有了“真” 的感受,或似真感,艺术品才成为真正的艺术品。如果只具备假定性,没有读者深入其中 去评定其真实性,这个艺术品就不能称为是真正的艺术品。在某种程度上说,它只能是一 部具有假定性的文本,而不是完全意义上的作品。 文艺真实的评判标准是:接受者能否对虚构的艺术境界信以为真,从中得到艺术享受/ 艺术品是虚构的,但是接受者却能感知其中的人情冷暖,这就是文艺真实的展现──它不 且 队吓帅范大学硕士研究生毕业论文 是客观静止的外在评判,而是一个动态的过程,存在于一切艺术品的接受过程之中。 我们的视角是评判者在作品与生活之中,他带有生活中的经验,评判的此刻又在作品 所虚构的世界之中,他穿梭往来于作品与生活之间,虽可以尽量客观化,却排除不了主歼 因素。“在……之中”是我们认为评判者应选取的角度。 二十世纪六十年代兴起的接受美学启示我们,创作的目的是为了使读者接受,接受者 对文艺作品的成败与否起很关键的作用,因而有权成为艺术真实性问题解诀的硅码。 这样,从新的角度考虑,整个艺术真实性问题的衡量标准是:有一定生活阅历,具备 一定艺术鉴赏水平的读者,在正常心态下能否进入艺术的虚构境界。换句话说,对于一个 生活经历丰富,又懂得艺术规范的阅读者,在正常阅读心态下,不能苟同子作品中所描写 的情景,那么,,这部作品便是失真的;反之,如果这样的读者能置身作品之中,乐其所乐, 悲其所悲,那么这部作品便具有艺术的真实性。 与传统的艺术真实论比较而言,新的艺术真实论表现为解诀问题角度的变易——把艺 术与生活的外在比较变为从读者的感受出发来解诀问题。其深层是对艺术观念认识的转 变,是整个二十世纪以来,哲学观念转换的一个侧面反映。 笔者认为艺术真实性问题的重新提出有助于深化这一问题的研究,它的重新解诀使一 个司空见惯甚至以为早有定论的问题,突然之间显得陌生,然而,这样做有利于打破思维 定势,至少为更妥帖地解决这一问题提供了一个契机。
[Abstract]:The traditional view of literature and art does not have a strict time limit, which mainly refers to a kind of philosophy based on the reflection of reflection. The view of the reality of literature and art, in the narrow sense, mainly refers to the authenticity of the literature and art in the 1980s this problem is addressed in the discussion of the problem Some of the main points of view. The traditional literature and art are real The essence of the theory is to judge the literary works from three different angles: (1) whether the real social main activity is reflected or not; unk>鈥渕ake se nse " trunk> It reflects the social life: (3) whether it reflects the occurrence and development of social life The trend of quality, law and social development., different The problem is solved from the point of view, and they are mutually independent and mutually complementary. On the Reflection of the Materialism The starting point of philosophy has made a great contribution to the solution of the specific problems in the theory of literature and art. However, three There are some problems in this respect: one-sided, contradictory and single-view. The three aspects are basically Only value the relationship between the work and the real life, the lack of further development over the years, in the solution in case of actual problem, In the tendency of stiffness. The author's analysis, comment, succession and borrowing to learn the truth of the tradition On the Basis of the Theory On the Basis of the Art, the New Solution to the Art of the Art It is assumed that the art of literature and art should first be the fictions of space-time. to take into account the art and the society, set off to live On the basis of the relationship, more attention should be paid to the real feeling of the recipient in the process of the acceptance of the specific literature and art, that is, the true of the literature and art is the true of the recipient. finger It is the art of a false nature, or the illusion of art. This is art. The premise and nature of the novel is the distance between the art of the world and the life. The novel is a fiction. a life, a poem, It's a fictitious emotion. It's so-called" trunk> "True. "here is the real feeling, feeling. It's only for work of art.鈥
本文编号:2355467
[Abstract]:The traditional view of literature and art does not have a strict time limit, which mainly refers to a kind of philosophy based on the reflection of reflection. The view of the reality of literature and art, in the narrow sense, mainly refers to the authenticity of the literature and art in the 1980s this problem is addressed in the discussion of the problem Some of the main points of view. The traditional literature and art are real The essence of the theory is to judge the literary works from three different angles: (1) whether the real social main activity is reflected or not; unk>鈥渕ake se nse " trunk> It reflects the social life: (3) whether it reflects the occurrence and development of social life The trend of quality, law and social development., different The problem is solved from the point of view, and they are mutually independent and mutually complementary. On the Reflection of the Materialism The starting point of philosophy has made a great contribution to the solution of the specific problems in the theory of literature and art. However, three There are some problems in this respect: one-sided, contradictory and single-view. The three aspects are basically Only value the relationship between the work and the real life, the lack of further development over the years, in the solution in case of actual problem, In the tendency of stiffness. The author's analysis, comment, succession and borrowing to learn the truth of the tradition On the Basis of the Theory On the Basis of the Art, the New Solution to the Art of the Art It is assumed that the art of literature and art should first be the fictions of space-time. to take into account the art and the society, set off to live On the basis of the relationship, more attention should be paid to the real feeling of the recipient in the process of the acceptance of the specific literature and art, that is, the true of the literature and art is the true of the recipient. finger It is the art of a false nature, or the illusion of art. This is art. The premise and nature of the novel is the distance between the art of the world and the life. The novel is a fiction. a life, a poem, It's a fictitious emotion. It's so-called" trunk> "True. "here is the real feeling, feeling. It's only for work of art.鈥
本文编号:2355467
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