西宁市城东区回族汉语常用词语使用的社会差异研究

发布时间：2018-02-06 00:11

本文关键词： 西宁市城东区回族汉语常用词语使用状况因素分析　出处：《中央民族大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国回族主要使用具有鲜明民族和宗教特色的回族汉语。回族汉语是汉语的特殊变体,与汉族、其他少数民族使用的汉语有差异,词汇方面差异尤为明显。回族汉语的特色词汇大致包括来自阿拉伯语、波斯语的词语,由汉语词素加工而成的新词语,其他少数民族语借词等。在特色词汇中,常用词语是已经进入回族汉语常用词汇的词语,更具研究价值。青海省西宁市城东区是城市回族聚居区,回族人口密度大,宗教氛围浓厚,是回族汉语及语言使用研究的理想调查点。本研究通过梳理文献,对回族汉语常用词语进行分类,归纳其主要特点,并对西宁市城东区回族汉语常用词语的使用做了社会语言学调查,以进一步了解调查地回族汉语常用词语及其使用特点。研究结果显示,回族汉语常用词语具有四个主要特点：阿拉伯语、波斯语语源的词语数量多；宗教词语占相当比例,且出现世俗化趋势；受同地域其他少数民族语言影响；部分常用词语具有超地域性。回族汉语与汉族、其他少数民族使用的汉语在词汇方面的差异,是在语言转用时期回族先民母语与汉语的密切接触中产生的。伊斯兰宗教文化在我国的发展,为回族汉语长期保持这些词汇差异提供了可能。语言使用方面,受被试语言态度积极和表达宗教信仰、民族认同的需要等王观因素影响,西宁市城东区回族汉语常用词语知晓率、使用率和常用率均较高,三者呈现依次递减趋势。词项常用率两极分化现象明显。交际场合和交际对象对当地回族汉语常用词语的使用有一定影响。被试社会特征与其回族汉语常用词语的使用存在一定相关性。居住地距清真寺较近的被试,回族汉语常用词语的使用率和常用率比居住地较远的被试更高。被试年龄越大,调查词项使用率和常用率越高。男性回族汉语常用词语的使用率和常用率均更高。被试文化程度越高,使用回族汉语常用词语越少。工人和商业、服务业从业人员使用回族汉语常用词语最多,学生使用最少。参加宗教活动的被试词项知晓率、使用率和常用率高于不参加宗教活动的被试。受各民族间交流日益频繁和普通话普及、教育水平提高等因素影响,西宁市城东区回族汉语常用词语的使用开始呈现衰退迹象。
[Abstract]:Hui nationality in China mainly uses Hui nationality Chinese with distinct ethnic and religious characteristics. Hui Chinese is a special variant of Chinese, which is different from that used by Han nationality and other minority nationalities. The difference in vocabulary is especially obvious. The characteristic words of Hui nationality Chinese include words from Arabic, Persian, new words processed by Chinese morpheme, loan words from other minority languages and so on. The commonly used words are the words that have already entered the common vocabulary of Hui nationality Chinese, which has more research value. The eastern part of Xining City in Qinghai Province is a concentrated area of Hui nationality, with a large population density and a strong religious atmosphere. Is the Hui nationality Chinese and the language use research ideal investigation point. Through combing the literature, this study classifies the commonly used Chinese words of Hui nationality, induces its main characteristics, and makes a sociolinguistic survey on the use of commonly used words and expressions of Hui nationality in the eastern part of Xining City. In order to further understand the investigation of Hui Chinese commonly used words and their use characteristics. The results show that there are four main characteristics of the words commonly used in the Hui nationality: Arabic and Persian have a large number of words; Religious words account for a considerable proportion, and there is a trend of secularization. Affected by other minority languages in the same region; Some of the commonly used words are of a regional nature. The differences in vocabulary between the Hui and the Han and other ethnic minorities. The development of Islamic religious culture in China provides the possibility for the Hui nationality to maintain these lexical differences for a long time. In terms of language use, influenced by Wang Guan's factors, such as positive language attitude and religious belief, the need of national identity, the awareness rate, usage rate and common usage rate of common Chinese words and expressions of Hui nationality in the eastern part of Xining City were higher. The phenomenon of polarity of the usage rate of words is obvious. The situation and object of communication have a certain influence on the use of the commonly used words and expressions of the local Hui nationality in Chinese. There is a certain correlation between the social characteristics of the subjects and the use of the commonly used words and expressions in the Hui nationality. The usage rate and the rate of common words used in Hui nationality are higher than those who live far away. The older the subjects are, the older the subjects are. The higher the usage rate and the common rate of the words used in the survey, the higher the usage rate and the rate of the common words used in the male Hui nationality. The higher the cultural level of the subjects, the less the common words used in the Hui nationality. Workers and business. The service industry practitioners used the most commonly used words in the Hui nationality, and the students used the least. The rate of utilization and common use is higher than that of the subjects who do not take part in religious activities. It is influenced by the increasingly frequent communication among ethnic groups, the popularization of Putonghua and the improvement of educational level. The use of commonly used Chinese words and expressions of Hui nationality in the eastern part of Xining City shows signs of decline.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H172.2

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