《元刊杂剧三十种》俗字俗词俗语与版式研究

发布时间：2018-02-25 06:24

  本文关键词： 《元刊杂剧三十种》 俗字 俗词 俗语 版式　出处：《山西师范大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：《元刊杂剧三十种》是现存唯一的元刻杂剧刊本，不仅是研究元代戏剧的珍贵资料，同时也保留了非常丰富的元代语言资料。《元刊杂剧三十种》是典型的俗文学作品，主要表现在俗字、俗词和俗语的大量使用。《元刊杂剧三十种》不仅在文本内容上有特点，在版式上也独具特色，是研究元代戏曲版式的最好样本。 论文选择《元刊杂剧三十种》作为研究对象，既关注其文本内容，也关注其版式特点，试图从内容和形式两个方面挖掘其在语言文字使用上、戏曲表演体制上表现出来的特点。论文主要从俗字、俗词、俗语的使用方面挖掘其在戏曲文献方面的价值；从对版式各要素的特点方面挖掘其在戏曲表演体制等方面的价值。全文除绪论和结语外，主要分四章论述。 绪论主要介绍了本文的研究对象、研究现状、选题目的、研究价值等问题，同时还介绍了本文的研究思路和研究方法。 第一章是对《元刊杂剧三十种》的俗字研究。首先，将各本的俗字以影印的方式逐本摘录出来，并做了简要分析，指出每一本中俗字的分布情况及特点。然后总结《元刊杂剧三十种》中俗字的简化类型，归纳出简化规律。最后通过同敦煌俗字及《宋元以来俗字谱》中所录宋代简化俗字进行比较后认为，《元刊杂剧三十种》中的俗字更具系统性和规律性。敦煌时代至宋代是简俗字体系的准备时期，而元代是简俗字系统的形成时期。元代简俗字在汉字史上的地位不容忽视。 第二章是对《元刊杂剧三十种》的俗词研究。对元杂剧俗词考释的论著已相当不少，但所引材料多为明刊元杂剧，《三十种》中不少俗词在相关辞书中并没有收录。本文择释了一部分未曾被考释过的俗词，还有一些至今仍活跃在包括山西方言在内的北方方言中的俗词。在释义时，以明万历臧氏刻本元人杂剧所提供的书证材料为依据，结合历代口语文献材料如笔记和白话小说等，同时结合现代活的方言口语材料加以印证，以获得比较丰富的感性材料，取得释义的完整性与准确性。同时，，借助语料库语料，追根溯源，尽可能找出每条词的最早出处，以说明该词的最早使用年代。文中所列举的词语，都逐一与《汉语大词典》作了对照，并参照了《汉语方言大词典》，目的是为《汉语大词典》失收的词语、漏略的义项、晚出的书证，提供或提前了书证。 第三章是对《元刊杂剧三十种》的俗语研究。元刊杂剧语言通俗，主要原因之一就是使用了大量通俗易懂的俗语。《三十种》一书共有十余万字，其中的俗语数量不少，但在以往的研究中多被忽视。论文先概括了《三十种》俗语的特点：提示语丰富，结构精炼，具有鲜明的时代性和雅俗的相对性。然后选解了若干条俗语。通过这种研究，说明开展《三十种》俗语研究的重要意义。同时也说明进行《三十种》的词汇研究，目前还存在较大的研究空间，值得我们花大力气去研究它。 第四章是对《元刊杂剧三十种》的版式研究。《元刊杂剧三十种》戏曲刊本的版式是适应元代杂剧的需要而产生的版面样式。与传统“版式”内容不同，《三十种》的“版式”包含诸如首题、起始句、“凸”字敬正式、科、白、词牌、曲词、散场、折尾“下”、题目、正名、尾题这些要素。这些要素统一在“戏曲版式”的系统内，又有着不同的属性，分布在不同的层面，彼此间有着深刻的关系，成为我们深入研究元杂剧体制的重要依据。我们分析了《三十种》的“起始句”以及“科”的呈现方式，发现所有“科”都指向了正末，“科”是用来提示正末在何时做何事的。将刊本里所有的“科”排列起来，就形成了井然成序、环环相扣、以正末活动为主线的演出“秩序手册”。而“凸”字敬正式的存在从刊刻形式上也突出说明了这一点。最后我们以俗字为参照，对《元刊杂剧三十种》的传播流布轨迹作了一些思考，审视了平阳在元杂剧发展中的地位。 结语对全文进行了总结，并指出论文存在的不足和今后努力的方向。
[Abstract]:< thirty > Zaju is the only existing Yuan Dynasty carved version, not only is valuable for research on Yuan drama, while also retaining the very rich language data. Yuan Dynasty Zaju thirty > is typical of the popular literature works mainly in the folk characters, vulgar words and slang use of a large number of yuan. Thirty drama > has not only the characteristics of the text, the layout is also unique, is the best sample of Yuan Dynasty opera style.
The < Zaju thirty > as the research object, not only pays attention to the text content, pay attention to the layout features, attempts from the content and form of two mining in language use, features of the performing system of traditional opera. The main characters from the vulgar word, in the drama literature, mining the value of the use of slang; in the aspect of mining system from the value of the opera performance characteristics of the various elements of the format. Apart from introduction and conclusion, is divided into four chapters.
The introduction mainly introduces the research object, the research status, the purpose of the topic, the research value and so on. At the same time, it also introduces the research ideas and methods of this paper.
The first chapter is the research on the characters of Yuan drama < thirty >. First of all, the characters in this way by the photocopy of the extract, and briefly analyzed, pointed out the distribution and characteristics of each of the characters in the simplified type and then summarized. < Zaju thirty > character. Summed up the simplified rules. Finally, with the Dunhuang folk characters and "since the Song dynasty recorded the Song Dynasty folk characters in simplified characters spectrum comparison that >, < thirty > Zaju in the characters more systematic and regular. The Dunhuang times to the Song Dynasty is a simple folk font system preparation period, while the Yuan Dynasty is the period of formation Jane characters system. The status of Yuan Dynasty in the history of the characters in Jane Chinese characters can not be ignored.
The second chapter is the research on the vulgar word < Zaju thirty >. Zaju of the Yuan Dynasty vulgar words in the works has been quite a lot, but cited material for the Ming Dynasty Zaju of the Yuan Dynasty, < thirty > many vulgar words in dictionaries and not included in the relevant part of the release. The choice was not in the vulgar words, there are still active in the Shanxi dialect, the northern dialect of the vulgar word. In interpretation, documentary evidence in Ming Zang's edition of the Yuan Dynasty provided as the basis, combined with the oral literature materials such as notes and novels in the vernacular, combined with modern living dialect materials to confirm, to obtain more abundant perceptual materials, integrity and accuracy of interpretation made. At the same time, with the help of corpus, as the earliest sources as far as possible to identify each word, to explain the word first used in the words are listed in this paper, 閮介

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