晋语保德方言时体助词“了”、“咧”、“哩”的研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 17:15

本文选题：保德方言　切入点：时体助词　出处：《中央民族大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：“时”(tense)和“体”(aspect)是与语言的时间性密切相关的两个语法范畴,是普通语言学中两个既存在联系又有着区别的概念。现代汉语作为一种分析型语言,其形态不像印欧语那样发达。表现在时体问题方面,汉语更多地依靠广义的形态和分析形式来表现时体意义。汉语“时”的意义和“体”的意义常常共用一个语法形式,互相纠缠,难以分辨。本文以晋语保德方言的时体助词“了”、“咧”、“哩”作为研究对象,对它们进行了细致的分析与描写,旨在揭示保德方言的一些语法面貌,为汉语语法学和方言学研究提供一些材料和依据。第一章首先对保德县的地理位置和保德方言的语音系统做了简单的介绍；其次对现代汉语时体助词的研究动态进行了系统梳理；最后对本文的研究意义、目的、方法及语料来源做了详细的说明。第二章对保德方言中的时体助词“了”、“咧”、“哩”做了明确的界定,并从句法分布、语法意义、语用功能等方面,对保德方言“了”、“咧”、“哩”的时体意义进行全面而详细的描写。第三章在前一章的基础上,深入挖掘了保德方言时体助词“了”、“咧”、“哩”的共性与差异性。笔者从共同语、其他山西晋语的层面对时体助词“了”、“咧”、“哩”进行了共时平面的对比分析。第四章从历时层面,对普通话“了”、“呢”的语法化历程进行了详细的梳理,在此基础上对保德方言的时体助词“了”、“咧”、“哩”进行了探源。第五章是结语,给出了本研究的结论,笔者将保德方言的“体”分为完成体、已然体和进行体；时制系统则从绝对时制的角度,将保德方言的时制范畴三分为过去时、现在时和将来时。保德方言的时体助词“了”表示“过去时”和“实现体”的意义,“咧”表示“过去时”和“已然体”的意义,“哩”表示“现在时”和“进行体”的意义。作者通过对保德方言时体助词“了”、“咧”、“哩”的分析与描写,希望能够揭示出保德方言中一些重要的语言现象,为共同语的语法研究提供一些参考和依据,从而达到对汉语时体范畴的认识更加深化的目的,同时为语言的类型学研究提供一些启示。
[Abstract]:"tense" and "aspect" are two grammatical categories closely related to the timeliness of language, and they are two concepts in general linguistics, which are not only related but also different. Modern Chinese is an analytical language. Its form is not as developed as Indo-European. In the aspect of tense and aspect, Chinese relies more on broad form and analytical form to express tense meaning. The meaning of Chinese "tense" and "aspect" often share a grammatical form. Entangled with each other, difficult to distinguish. This paper makes a detailed analysis and description of Baode dialects of Jin dialect, which are "er", "Xi" and "Li", in order to reveal some grammatical features of Baode dialect. To provide some materials and basis for the study of Chinese grammar and dialectology. The first chapter introduces the geographical position of Baode County and the phonetic system of Baode dialect; secondly, it systematically combs the research trends of modern Chinese tense and aspect auxiliary words; finally, the significance and purpose of this study. The method and the source of the corpus are explained in detail. The second chapter makes a clear definition of the tense and aspect auxiliary words in Baode dialect, such as syntactic distribution, grammatical meaning, pragmatic function and so on. This paper gives a comprehensive and detailed description of the tense meaning of Baode dialect. The third chapter, on the basis of the previous chapter, deeply excavates the commonness and difference of the auxiliary words "er", "Xi" and "li" in Baode dialect. In other Shanxi Jin languages, the synchronic planes of the synchronic auxiliary words "er", "ear" and "li" are compared and analyzed. Chapter 4th combs the grammaticalization process of Putonghua from the diachronic level, and explores the source of Baode dialect's tense and aspect auxiliary words "er", "ear" and "li" on this basis. Chapter 5th is the conclusion of this study. The author divides the aspect of Baode dialect into perfect aspect, already aspect and progressive aspect, and from the angle of absolute tense system, divides the category of tense system of Baode dialect into past tense. Present tense and future tense. The tense auxiliary of Baode dialect "means" the meaning of "past tense" and "realizing aspect", "ear" means the meaning of "past tense" and "already tense", "li" means "present tense" and "progressive aspect". Through the analysis and description of the auxiliary words in Baode dialect, the author hopes to reveal some important linguistic phenomena in Baode dialect and provide some reference and basis for the grammatical study of common language. In order to achieve a deeper understanding of the category of tense and aspect of Chinese, it also provides some enlightenment for the study of typology of language.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H172.2

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