体词谓语句的三平面研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 09:04

本文选题：语义分析　切入点：句法结构功能　出处：《中南民族大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：体词谓语句是汉语里一种特殊的而又常见的句型，它的口语色彩浓厚，经常出现在日常谈话中。本文在前贤的基础上，从语义、句法结构功能和语用三个平面对体词谓语句进行了较为详细的分析。全文分为五个部分：引言、语义分析、句法功能分析、语用分析和结语。引言部分：回顾了体词谓语句的研究状况，指出其中存在的不足，提出本文拟解决的问题。过去的研究很多都把体词谓语句的焦点放在体词的特征上，对体词谓语句的分析大多是描写性的，但是体词谓语句是根植于语言现实的，我们必须把体词谓语句还原到具体的语用中。句法功能分析：本章是对体词谓语句的句法结构功能进行分析。首先本文在赵元任的功能分类基础上，将体词谓语句分为四类，即归类、唤起对事物的存在或范围的注意、宣告一个事实和描写句；其次指出每类下的体词谓语句结构呈现出来的不同的倾向性。接下来具体分析体词谓语句的典型结构，即“了”字句和副名结构，分析这类句子的限制条件，指出它们的特点，挖掘其中的超常搭配、隐省情况，最后说明谓词性算子的核心作用。语义分析：本章是对体词谓语句的语义进行分析。根据语义的特点，将其分为具体义和抽象义，穷尽式地列出可能出现的语义状况。但是正如石定栩所说的，语义的范围太大了，同一句话都可以表示不同的意思，所以本文在把握全局的情况下，列出分类，，并深入分析体词谓语句语义上的特点：语义不完整，需要更多语句和语境作为支撑；语义对进入句式的词语有顺序义、范畴语义特征的限制，所使用的词语具有生动性且句中大量使用指示词语；最后再探讨了较为特殊的体词谓语句形式：熟语。根据这些分析结果，发现体词谓语句更多情况下是口语色彩较为浓厚的口头谈话，由此不仅从语义上，更从运用即动态上了解体词谓语句。语用分析：本章是从修辞学即语用学角度分析体词谓语句。首先，打破修辞学研究对象的惯性思维。修辞学一直以来都将焦点放在语表的表达技巧上，很少关注语言的生成，其实修辞是贯穿整个语言现实中的，从我们组织语言起，我们就已经将修辞贯穿到整个思维过程中，技巧只是润饰而已，不足以概括整个修辞内容。基于此，本文将体词谓语句的情况划入修辞学内进行考察，不仅从语表进行分析，更深入到内容进行探究，从整体上把握体词谓语句的表达效果，探究汉语独有的表达手段。
[Abstract]:Predicate sentence is a special and common sentence pattern in Chinese, which has strong colloquial color and often appears in daily conversation. The thesis is divided into five parts: introduction, semantic analysis, syntactic function analysis, pragmatic analysis and conclusion. Introduction: reviewing the research situation of body word predicate sentence, pointing out the deficiency of it, and putting forward the problem to be solved in this paper. In the past, many researches have focused on the characteristics of body word predicate sentence. The analysis of aspect predicate is mostly descriptive, but the aspect predicate is rooted in the language reality, so we must restore the aspect predicate to the concrete pragmatics. Syntactic function analysis: this chapter analyzes the syntactic structure function of aspect predicate sentence. Firstly, on the basis of Zhao Yuanren's functional classification, this paper classifies the aspect predicate sentence into four categories, that is, classifying, arousing the attention to the existence or scope of things. Declare a fact and a descriptive sentence; secondly, point out the different tendency of the structure of the body word predicate sentence under each category. Then, analyze the typical structure of the body word predicate sentence, namely, the "Xue" sentence and the paronym structure. This paper analyzes the restrictive conditions of this kind of sentences, points out their characteristics, excavates the supernormal collocations and hidden situations, and finally explains the core role of predicate operators. Semantic analysis: this chapter analyzes the semantics of predicate sentences. According to the semantic characteristics, it is divided into concrete and abstract meanings, and lists the possible semantic conditions in an exhaustive manner. But as Shi Dingxu said, The scope of semantics is too large, the same sentence can express different meanings, so this article in the overall situation, list the classification, and in-depth analysis of the semantic characteristics of predicate sentences: semantic incomplete, It needs more sentences and context as the support, the semantic has the order meaning to enter the sentence pattern, the category semantic characteristic is restricted, the words used are lively and a lot of demonstrative words are used in the sentence. Finally, the author discusses the special aspect predicate sentence form: idioms. According to the results of these analyses, it is found that the aspect predicate sentences are more colloquial oral conversation, thus not only from the semantic point of view, but also from the semantic point of view. More from the use of the dynamic understanding of the aspect of predicate sentences. Pragmatic analysis: this chapter analyzes body predicate sentences from the perspective of rhetoric or pragmatics. First of all, it breaks the habitual thinking of the objects of rhetoric. Rhetoric has always focused on the expressive skills of language tables, and little attention has been paid to the generation of languages. As a matter of fact, rhetoric runs through the whole language reality, and since we organize the language, we have run rhetoric through the whole thinking process, and the technique is just a touch, not enough to generalize the whole rhetorical content. In this paper, the situation of aspect predicate sentence is classified into rhetoric, not only from the analysis of the language table, but also from the content to explore, from the overall grasp of the expression effect of the predicate sentence, explore the unique means of expression in Chinese.
【学位授予单位】：中南民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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