东乡语与兰州方言致谢言语行为的语用对比研究

发布时间：2018-03-15 09:03

本文选题：语用学　切入点：跨文化语用学　出处：《兰州大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：东乡族主要分布于甘肃省,其语言东乡语属于阿尔泰语系蒙古语族,只有语言没有文字。在中国国内公布的濒危语言中,东乡语就属于其中的一种。从语音、语法和词汇方面研究东乡语的论文和著作颇多,但是从语用学的角度来研究东乡语的文献却很少。本篇研究首先分析东乡族家庭成员之间实施致谢时所使用的致谢策略的异同点,然后与西部地区的兰州汉族家庭成员的致谢策略进行分析和对比。本篇研究主要回答四个研究问题：(1)东乡族母亲对儿子与母亲对女儿实施致谢时使用的策略有何异同?(2)东乡族岳父母对女婿与婆婆对儿媳在实施致谢言语行为时使用的策略有何异同?(3)东乡族母亲与子女之间和岳母/婆婆与女婿/儿媳之间实施致谢言语行为使用的策略有何异同?(4)东乡族岳父母/婆婆—女婿/儿媳与兰州汉族岳父母/公婆—女婿/儿媳实施致谢使用的策略有何异同?为了回答以上的四个问题,本研究随机抽取了东乡县锁南坝镇和皋兰县540名村民作为被试,其中东乡族270人,皋兰汉族270人。本研究主要包括以下六个步骤：一、访谈。二、角色扮演情景设计和角色扮演。根据访谈获得的语料设计出与东乡族村民日常生活息息相关的角色扮演情景。分别到东乡县锁南坝镇和皋兰县根据设计的情景进行角色扮演,并录音、录像。三、视频与录音转写,将角色扮演的视频和录音按照《东乡语与汉语词典》的注音,由东乡语_大学生进行转写；之后由东乡族专家陈元龙先生进行审校。四、预测。五、大规模问卷。六、问卷统计与分析。研究结果表明：(1)东乡族中母亲对子女实施致谢言语行为,称呼多为“通用称呼”和“无称呼”；她使用的角度多为“听话者”角度,很少“说话者”角度；较多使用“间接策略”,很少使用“直接策略”；附加部分应用的言语行为多为“赞美”、“道歉”和“责备”。当母亲对儿子实施致谢行为,倾向于使用“经名”、“普通称呼”和“听话者角度”。当母亲对女儿实施致谢时,较多使用“无称呼”、“普通称呼”和“听话者角度”。(2)东乡族岳父、岳母对女婿实施致谢行为时,他们较多使用“亲戚称呼”,如“姐夫”,和“说话者”角度；他们倾向于使用“间接策略”；附加部分所应用的言语行为包括“道歉”、“赞美”和“责备”。与此不同的是,当岳父向女婿实施致谢言语行为时,比起岳母,使用更多“说话者”角度和“直接策略”。(3)东乡族女儿/儿媳对母亲/婆婆实施致谢行为时,她们都使用“亲戚称呼”如“阿娜”或“阿奶”和“说话者”角度；她们都较多使用“间接策略”,很少使用“直接策略”。但是,媳妇使用“说话者”角度的频数多于女儿；关于附加部分所使用的言语行为方面,女儿较多使用“责备”,但儿媳很少使用。(4)将东乡族岳母和兰州汉族岳母对女婿实施致谢时使用的语用策略进行对比,兰州汉族岳母较多使用“无称呼”和“听话者”角度。相反,东乡族岳母较多使用“亲戚称呼”,如“姐夫”；角度多用“说话者”角度。在附加部分使用言语行为方面,东乡族岳母使用“责备”“说明”的频数远多于兰州汉族岳母使用的频数。(5)婆婆向儿媳实施致谢时,兰州汉族婆婆倾向于使用“通用称呼”,但东乡族婆婆却很少用。比起东乡族婆婆,兰州汉族婆婆较多使用“听话者”角度。当向儿媳致谢时,兰州婆婆较多使用直接策略但是东乡族婆婆较多使用间接策略。从不同点可看出,东乡族和兰州汉族受到不同的文化的影响,前者受到伊斯兰文化影响,后者受到中国古典文化和近现代思想的影响。相似点表明这两种文化是相互影响和相互渗透的。
[Abstract]:The Dongxiang nationality is mainly distributed in Gansu Province, the Dongxiang language belongs to the Altai Mongolia language family, there is no written language. The endangered languages published in domestic Chinese, a Dongxiang language belongs to them. From the study of Dongxiang language pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary of papers and works a lot, but few studies in Dongxiang language from a perspective of pragmatics. This paper first analyzes the implementation of the strategy of using thanks thanks Dongxiang family members similarities and differences, then thanks to members of the Western Han strategy and family in Lanzhou were analyzed and compared.
This study aims to answer four research questions: (1) Dongxiang mothers have similarities and differences on the use of his son and mother to daughter thanks the implementation strategy? (2) Dongxiang nationality parents on the similarities and differences of her son and daughter-in-law in the implementation of the strategy of gratitude Speech Act (3) between the Dongxiang nationality? Mother and child and mother and son / daughter / mother between the implementation of gratitude speech act strategies have similarities and differences? (4) Dongxiang nationality parents / son-in-law daughter-in-law and mother-in-law / Lanzhou Han Yue - son / daughter / parents in the implementation of the strategy used for the similarities and differences? In order to answer the above four questions. This study randomly selected from Dongxiang county and Gaolan County nanbazhen lock 540 villagers as subjects, of which Dongxiang family of 270 people, 270 people of Han nationality in Gaolan.
This research mainly includes the following six steps: first, interview. Two, role-playing scene design and role-playing. Based on the corpus design interviews that are closely linked with the Dongxiang nationality villagers' daily life role play scenarios. Respectively to Dongxiang county and Gaolan County nanbazhen lock according to the design of the scene role play and video recording. Three, video recording and video recording and transcription, will play the role of the Dongxiang dialect and Chinese dictionary according to < > phonetic notation by Dongxiang language _ students are transcribed; followed by Dongxiang expert Mr. Chen Yuanlong review. Four, the forecast. Five. Six, large-scale questionnaire, statistics and analysis of the questionnaire.
The results show that: (1) the mother Dongxiang people for their children as much gratitude speech act, called "general term" and "no name"; she uses the angle "hearer" angle "speaker" angle; rarely use more "indirect strategies" rarely used "direct" strategy; the speech act of additional part of the application for the "praise", "apology" and "blame". When the mother of the son thanks to implement, tend to use the "name", "common name" and "the hearer angle". When the mother thanked him for the implementation of the daughter, the use of more "call", "ordinary call" and "the hearer angle". (2) the Dongxiang nationality father-in-law, mother-in-law implementation thanks behavior on the son-in-law, they use more "call relatives", such as "brother", and "the speaker" point of view; they tend to use "indirect strategies"; additional Department The speech act of branch applications including "apology", "praise" and "blame". This is different, when the father to son implementation of gratitude speech act, the use of more than the mother, "the speaker" perspective and "direct strategies". (3) the Dongxiang nationality of mother / daughter / daughter-in-law mother-in-law implementation thanks behavior when they are using the "relatives call" such as "Ahna" or "milk" and "speaker" perspective; they employ more "indirect strategies", rarely used "direct strategies". However, the use of "speaker" daughter-in-law angle frequency is more than the female infants; on the use of an additional part of the speech act. The use of more daughters "blame", but the daughter rarely used. (4) the Dongxiang nationality and Han nationality in Lanzhou of mother-in-law mother-in-law son-in-law implementation thanks pragmatic strategies used when comparing Lanzhou Han mother-in-law used more "call" and" The hearer "point of view. On the contrary, the Dongxiang nationality mother-in-law used more" relatives call ", such as" brother ";" the speaker "with multi angle perspective. In terms of the use of an additional part of speech act, the Dongxiang nationality mother-in-law use" blame "and" explain "frequency far more than the Lanzhou Han mother-in-law used frequency. (5) the mother-in-law thanks to the implementation of Lanzhou Han daughter-in-law, mother-in-law tend to use the" general term ", but Dongxiang mother-in-law seldom uses it. Compared to the Dongxiang family mother-in-law, Lanzhou Han mother-in-law used more" obedient "angle. When the daughter thanks, mother-in-law of Lanzhou more direct strategies but Dongxiang nationality mother-in-law use more indirect strategies.
From different points, we can see that Dongxiang and Lanzhou Han are influenced by different cultures. The former is influenced by Islamic culture, and the latter is influenced by Chinese classical culture and modern thoughts. Similarities show that these two cultures interact with each other and penetrate each other.

【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H233;H172.2

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