从顺应论看电视访谈节目话语中的言据性现象

发布时间：2018-04-02 05:09

本文选题：言据性　切入点：据素　出处：《福州大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：言据性是指话语中说话人对所述信息和知识的认知状态。言据性的表现形式为据素。实据性体现了语言的人际功能。本文以维索尔伦的顺应论为理论框架,以电视访谈文本为语料,详细分析语料中出现的据素,旨在探讨各类据素在语料中的分布情况、影响说话者选择据素的语境因素,以此揭示说话者如何利用据素来实现话语的人际意义。数据显示,在九篇访谈文本共5432个句子中,共有1163个据素。每个句子出现0.21个据素。在语料中,各类据素的使用频率从12.90%至40.97%不等。据素在电视访谈话语中的出现情况为多样性。高频率的零据素句子是据素出现率低的主要原因。各篇语料中据素出现频率的差异与访谈话题的多样性、说话人对语境的顺应有关。根据Chafe的分类,我们发现七种据素在语料中都出现了。其中,口头资源据素和信念据素的使用频率明显高于其他据素。这主要是由于这两类据素的主观性较强,说话人利用它们表达自己鲜明的主观态度,并以此影响听者的看法和立场。语料中据素的选择体现了主持人与嘉宾对包括社会环境与物理环境在内的语境的动态顺应,它是一种过程,不仅反映说话人的认知,而且表现说话人对听者心理世界的评估。据素作为说话者的一种有效的语言策略,在言语交际的顺应过程中所反映出的人际功能可归纳为三点。第一,营造和谐氛围。信念据素和口头资源据素不仅可以帮助说话人闪避一些敏感问题,保全说话者的面子,而且能够使话语内容更易于接受。一些据素还可以帮助说话者避免直接提出对立观点,保全听话者面子。第二,力求客观。演绎据素有利于突显话语的客观性,使说话人避免对所述内容承担责任。第三,表达说话者情感,比如,归纳据素和期望据素有利于得到听众在情感上的认同。据素的选择是说话人对话语语境的动态顺应,合理利用据素有助于听话人对话语意义作出恰当的判断。本文运用顺应理论对据素的语用功能所做的阐释再次证明了该理论对话语交际的解释力。
[Abstract]:Positivity refers to the speaker's cognitive state of the information and knowledge in the discourse. The manifestation of verbal evidences is evidentiary, and the evidential nature embodies the interpersonal function of language. This paper takes the adaptation theory of Visorun as the theoretical framework. Taking the TV interview text as the corpus, the paper analyzes the evidential elements in the corpus in detail, in order to explore the distribution of all kinds of evidences in the corpus and influence the contextual factors of the speaker's choice of evidential elements. The data show that out of nine interview texts, there are 1163 pheromones in the total of 5432 sentences, and 0.21 pheromones appear in each sentence. The frequency of use of all kinds of primes ranged from 12.90% to 40.97%. The occurrence of each element in TV interview discourse was diverse. The high frequency of zero-element sentences was the main reason for the low rate of primordial occurrence. Differences and diversity of interview topics, According to the classification of Chafe, we find that seven elements appear in the corpus. The use of oral and belief evidences is significantly higher than that of other elements. This is mainly due to the subjectivity of the two types of evidences, which are used by speakers to express their distinct subjective attitudes. The selection of data elements in the corpus reflects the dynamic adaptation of the host and guest to the context, including the social environment and the physical environment, which is a process that not only reflects the speaker's cognition. As an effective language strategy for the speaker, the interpersonal function reflected in the process of verbal adaptation can be summed up into three points. Create a harmonious atmosphere. Belief and verbal resource elements can not only help the speaker avoid some sensitive issues, but also save the speaker's face. Some evidences can also help the speaker avoid putting forward opposing views directly and save the hearer's face. Second, he can strive for objectivity. Deductive evidential elements can help to highlight the objectivity of the discourse. Third, to express the speaker's emotion, for example, inductive primordial and expected evidential element are conducive to the audience's emotional identity. The choice of the element is the dynamic adaptation of the speaker to the context of the utterance. The reasonable use of evidential is helpful to the hearer to make an appropriate judgment on the meaning of utterance. The interpretation of the pragmatic function of evidential by using adaptation theory proves once again the explanatory power of the theory in discourse communication.
【学位授予单位】：福州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：G222;H0

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