汉语儿童代词习得研究

发布时间：2018-04-02 12:35

本文选题：汉语儿童　切入点：代词　出处：《湘潭大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：人称代词的所指具有明显的相对性，儿童要理解代词不仅要有相应的语言能力,还要进行复杂的认知运算，并根据言语角色作为参照点随时进行调整和转换。本文使用自然语料分析方法试图寻找汉语儿童人称代词的习得规律，并采用玩偶表演和图片验证任务,通过与成人的对比考察儿童对原则B的掌握情况。儿童自然语料的统计结果表明，14个月左右的汉语儿童就已经使用第一和第二人称代词，而第三人称代词和复数人称代词则在儿童32个月以后逐步出现。人称代词的习得的顺序依次为“我”、“你”、“我自己”、“他/她”、“我们”、“你自己”、“他/她们”、“你们”、“我们自己”、“他们自己”。其中，“我”和“你”几乎是在同一时间出现。在代词习得初期，儿童通常把用于述宾结构宾语位置上的第一人称代词“我”和第二人称代词“你”倒置，因此得出结论“我”的习得时间先于第二人称代词“你”。在各个人称代词的使用频率上，第一人称的代词的出现频率高于其它人称代词。通过对比代词在句法中担当的成分并对其进行显著性分析，儿童更倾向于将人称代词作为主语使用。研究结果显示（实验一与实验二），无论是定式还是非定式的代词测试句，大部分5岁以上的汉语儿童都会选择在局部范围内不统制代词的先行词作为代词的所指，即遵守原则B。而针对相同结构的反身代词的测试句，儿童则倾向于选择长距离约束的先行词。一般认为“每个熊猫都在清理他身上的粥”这样的量化句是有歧义的，它既可以理解为“有一个熊猫x，每个熊猫y都在清理熊猫x身上的粥。”（不同标，不同指，非约束变量），又能解读为“对于熊猫x，熊猫x清理熊猫x”（同标，约束变量）。依照原则B，该句应取第一种解读。实验三对比了非量化和量化测试句。实验结果表明，儿童更倾向于第二种解读，这违反了原则B，即将代词的所指指向主语。实验三证明了汉语儿童的代词习得过程中存在量化句与指称句不对称现象。另一方面，大部分儿童能正确地判断非量化测试句的测试结果佐证了实验一和实验二的结论。我们认为，汉语特有的结构形式使得儿童偏向于对代词和反身代词做长距离约束的解读。从14个月到72个月的14万条儿童自然语料库中发现，儿童说出的量化词“每”仅出现了三次，这说明由于3到6岁的儿童还未习得全称量词，，因此他们不能正确判断代词的量化句。同时鉴于特定的语境影响，儿童倾向于对量化句做同指解读。我们所作的研究与前人不同，但是实验结果与理论语言学的观点是一致的，即儿童遵守原则B。
[Abstract]:The pronoun refers to is relatively obvious, not only to understand the pronoun must have the corresponding language ability of children, but also for the cognitive computing complex, and as adjusted and converted according to the reference point of speech role. In this paper, the use of natural data analysis method to find the rules of Chinese children's acquisition of personal pronouns, and the puppet show and the picture verification task, and through the comparative study of adult children B principles to grasp the situation.
Statistical results show that the natural language of children, about 14 months of Chinese children have used the first and second person pronouns, and the third person pronouns and plural pronouns gradually appear in children 32 months later. The personal pronoun acquisition order of "I", "you", "I". "He / she", "we", "you", "he / she", "you", "our own", "their own". Among them, the "I" and "you" appear almost at the same time. In the early pronoun acquisition for children, usually verb object position the first pronoun "I" and the second personal pronoun "you" inverted, therefore concluded that the "I" of the acquisition time before the second personal pronoun "you". In each frequency of use of personal pronouns, first person pronouns in high frequency in other personal pronoun By comparing the components of the pronoun in syntax and making a significant analysis of it, children tend to use personal pronouns as the subject.
The results showed that (Experiment 1 and two), either finite or infinitive pronouns of the test sentences, most Chinese children over the age of 5 would choose not to control in the local scope as the antecedent of the pronoun anaphora of pronouns, which abide by the principle of B. and for the same structure as a reflexive test sentences children tend to choose the antecedent of long distance constraints. It is generally believed that each panda are clearing him porridge "such a quantified sentence is ambiguous, it can be understood as" a panda x, each panda y are clearing panda X's porridge. "(different standard different, refers to non constraint variables), and can be interpreted as" the X panda, panda x cleaning panda X "(with standard constraint variables). In accordance with the principles of B, the sentence should be the first interpretation. In experiment three, compared to the non quantitative and quantitative test. The experimental results show that the children tended to second Reading, which violates the principle of B, which points to the subject is the pronoun. Experiment three showed that the existence of quantified sentences and referential sentence asymmetry in the process of pronoun acquisition of Chinese children. On the other hand, most of the children can correctly determine the non quantitative test sentences test results support the conclusion of the two experiments. We believe that the structure form of Chinese characteristic that children tend to do long distance constraint interpretation of reflexive pronouns. And from 14 to 72 months of the 140 thousand children in the corpus that quantify the word "children speak out each" only appeared three times, which shows that due to the 3 to 6 years old the children have not learned quantifier, so they can not correctly judge the sentence. At the same time as the pronoun to quantify the specific context, children tend to do the same to quantified sentence interpretation. With the previous research we are different, but the experimental results In accordance with the view of theoretical linguistics, that is, children abide by the principle of B.

【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H193.1

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