现代汉语否定辖域内名词性成分的句法语义研究

发布时间：2018-04-06 23:20

本文选题：否定　切入点：辖域　出处：《江苏师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为和肯定相对的有标记的语法范畴，否定历来是国内外学者研究的重点。前人的研究主要涉及否定的辖域，否定的对象，否定和名词性焦点成分及其焦点敏感算子的关联现象，而否定辖域内的名词性成分的特殊性还没有引起足够的重视。本文重点考察了否定辖域内和否定关联的名词性成分的句法语义特征。否定辖域内可以出现的名词性成分通常是有定性的，例如人称代词，专有名词，指示代词加数量短语的结构和领属结构，而数量名短语在否定辖域内出现是不合法的，光杆名词短语的出现则是不自然的。但是数量名短语获得焦点特征可以出现在否定的辖域之内，这时语义解读为有定的。因而本文认为否定辖域内的名词性成分必须获得有定性的解读，有定性可以从受话人是否能够识别名词组的所指来定义。否定辖域内的名词性成分实现为有定性的解读才合法，基于此本文考察了否定辖域内名词性成分的句法投射，，否定标记的句法位置，指出“不”是VP嫁接语，否定的辖域是其成分统制的区域。在句法操作上否定辖域内的有定名词性成分投射为DP，无定名词性成分本身携带焦点特征投射为FocP或通过句法移位获得焦点特征。研究表明焦点在无定名词成分出现在否定句中扮演了重要的角色。无论从句法层面还是从汉语的信息安排规律和标记关联模式的角度看焦点都具有有定性特征。通过对典型的无定形式“一量名”成分的考察进一步来验证本文的结论。一量名成分和否定词共现时，必须位于否定词之前，可以是移位至[spec,FocP]的，也可以是基础生成与此的，但是一量名成分要获得焦点特征，实现为有定性的解读。一量名成分是否定极性成分，表示周遍义。
[Abstract]:As a grammatical category and certainly relatively marked negation, has always been the focus of domestic and foreign scholars. The previous research mainly involves the scope of negation, negation of negation and related objects, phenomenon of noun composition and focus of the focus sensitive operator and deny the special jurisdiction noun domain has not caused enough attention. This paper focuses on the negative scope and negative correlation of noun syntactic and semantic features.
Negative noun can appear within the scope is generally qualitative, such as personal pronouns, nouns, pronouns and possessive structure structure plus the number of phrases, and the number of phrases in the domain of negation is not legitimate, appearance of bare noun phrases is not natural. But the number of the phrase focus features can be present within the scope of negation, then the semantic interpretation as definite. So the paper argues that negation noun domain must obtain the interpretation of qualitative, qualitative whether from the hearer can identify the noun group referred to define.
Negative scope within the noun for qualitative interpretation is legitimate, this paper examines the negative syntactic projection scope noun phrase based on the syntactic position of negative markers, pointed out that "no" is VP grafting language, scope of negation is the component control area. In the syntactic operation negative scope within definite noun projection DP, indefinite NOUN has the focus feature to FocP or by projecting syntactic movement focus characteristics. Research shows that the focus plays an important role in the indefinite noun components appear in negative sentences both from the syntactic level or from the perspective of information law and arrangement mark association pattern of Chinese focus has qualitative characteristic.
Based on the typical form of "non one quantity" component of the study further to verify the conclusion of this paper. A name component and negative word at present, must be in the negative words before, can be transferred to [spec, FocP], can also be generated with this, but the amount of points to get into focus features, for qualitative interpretation. One quantity is composition of polar components, said Zhou Bianyi.

【学位授予单位】：江苏师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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