现代汉语否定的主观量研究

发布时间：2018-04-12 20:09

本文选题：否定 + 主观量　；参考：《湖南大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：现代汉语关于否定的研究和主观量的研究已有不少，，但是否定的主观量问题却没有引起研究者的足够重视。本文就从不同的否定表达入手，研究语句命题所反映的否定的主观量问题。全文分为六个部分：第一部分为绪论部分，首先对论文所指的否定的主观量问题进行了说明，确定了本文的研究对象及范围在于表现为句子语义否定的言语情感的主观量。其次，就目前与否定的主观量问题有关的否定强度研究进行了梳理，发现虽然有不少研究认识到否定有程度差异，但是却多为零散观点而不成系统，因此有必要对其进行研究，并指出了它在理论与实践上的研究意义。最后，说明了文章的研究方法以及论文的语料来源。第二部分确立了什么是常量否定。指出它在言语情感的主观量表现上没有大小倾向，是否定的言语情感的主观量的判断基点。它可以通过词汇手段和句法手段两种方式来实现，表现在由否定词“不”字单用构成的独词句和不+V[+自主]，不+V[+能愿]和不+必要性词语构成的一般否定句两种形式上。第三部分指出了弱量否定是在常量否定的基础上进行减量表达的否定形式，它可以通过词汇手段、句法手段和语用手段三种方式来实现。具体来说，词汇手段包括由表程度不高和表确信度不好的副词标，“怎么、这么”等代词标，“啦、了、呢”等语气词标构成。句法手段主要通过“X就是X”的框架结构来实现。语用手段通过话题转移、虚拟假设、延迟推脱三种形式来实现弱量否定表达。第四部分指出了强量否定是在常量否定的基础上进行增量表达的否定形式，它可以通过语音、词汇、句法、语用四种形式手段来实现。具体来说，语音手段通过拖长否定词的语音形式来表达强量否定。词汇手段包括添加表坚决语气的副词、“很”类程度副词和使用含贬义色彩的特定词语等。句法手段包括祈使否定句、重叠否定结构、“V什么V”等之类特定框架构成的否定表达。肯定反问句、反语形式、语用辩白三种形式是实现强量否定表达的语用手段。第五部分运用了象似性原则、关联理论等认知语言学理论对否定的主观量表达系统的构成及形式做出了认知上的解释。第六部分为结语，总结了本文的研究成果，指出了文章还有待进一步深入的地方。
[Abstract]:There are many researches on negation and subjective quantity in modern Chinese, but not enough attention has been paid to the problem of subjective quantity of negation.Starting with different negative expressions, this paper studies the subjective quantity of negation reflected by sentence propositions.The full text is divided into six parts:The first part is the introduction part. Firstly, it explains the subjective quantity of negation, and determines that the object and scope of this thesis lies in the subjective quantity of verbal emotion which is expressed as sentence semantic negation.Secondly, the current research on the negation intensity related to the subjective quantity of negation has been combed. It is found that although many studies recognize that negation is different in degree, but most of it is fragmented and not systematic, so it is necessary to study it.It also points out its research significance in theory and practice.At last, the research method and the data source of the thesis are explained.The second part establishes what is constant negation.It is pointed out that it has no tendency to show the subjective quantity of speech emotion, which is the basic point of judging the subjective quantity of negative speech emotion.It can be realized by two ways: lexical means and syntactic means, which can be expressed in the two forms of general negative sentences, which are composed of single word of negative word "Bu" and "not V [autonomous]," "can wish" and "unnecessary word".The third part points out that weak negation is a negative form of reducing expression on the basis of constant negation, which can be realized by lexical means, syntactic means and pragmatic means.To be specific, lexical means include adverbs with low degree of expression and low degree of confidence, pronouns such as "how, so", and mood markers such as "la, I, I" and so on.Syntactic means are mainly realized by the frame structure of X is X.Pragmatic means realize weak negative expression through three forms: topic shift, virtual hypothesis and delay deduction.The fourth part points out that strong negation is an incremental form of negation based on constant negation, which can be realized by phonetic, lexical, syntactic and pragmatic means.Specifically, phonetic means express strong negation by lengthening the phonetic form of negative words.Lexical means include adding adverbs that express a firm tone, "very" degree adverbs, and using specific words with derogatory meanings.Syntactic means include imperative negative sentences, overlapping negative structures, negative expressions formed by specific frames such as "V what V" and so on.Positive rhetorical questions, irony forms and pragmatic arguments are pragmatic means to realize strong negative expression.In the fifth part, cognitive linguistic theories such as iconicity and relevance theory are used to explain the formation and form of negative subjective quantitative expression system.The sixth part is the conclusion, summarizes the research results of this paper, and points out that the article needs to be further explored.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

【参考文献】