福建永安地方普通话共时变异研究

发布时间：2018-04-23 22:18

本文选题：福建省永安市 + 地方普通话　；参考：《中央民族大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：地方普通话是普通话的存在形式,是方言和普通话接触中形成的普通话变体。本研究在社会语言学理论的指导下,采用问卷调查和参与观察法,选择普通话普及情况较好、使用频率很高的福建省永安市作为调查点,对永安市区居民使用永安普通话常用实词、常用语气词和特殊句式的变异情况进行调查和分析。研究表明,永安普通话各类语言变项的知晓率均很高,但受各种因素影响,使用率的差异较大。首先,文化程度、职业、永安话的掌握情况、出生地是影响语言变项使用的重要社会因素。总体来看,永安市区出生、会说永安话、文化程度较低、从事对普通话要求较低职业的群体较为倾向于使用语言变项。其次,语言变项的使用呈现出一定性别差异。在青年和老年中,女性比男性更倾向于使用语言变项；中年相反,男性比女性更倾向于使用语言变项。最后,语言态度是影响语言变项使用和扩散的心理因素。一方面,地域认同是促使语言变项使用和传播的社会力量；另一方面,永安市民对自身普通话程度的认可阻碍了永安普通话向标准普通话的靠拢。语言变项的代际使用呈现出老年和青年使用率较高,中年使用率较低的规律。其中,老年是语言变项的引入者,青年是使用者和传播者。此外,由于同时处于永安普通话的家庭环境和标准普通话的校园环境,在校高中生的语言选择不稳定,表现为语言变项的使用规律不齐整。在与永安话的宏观竞争中,永安普通话承担的功能日趋丰富。它不仅取代永安话成为绝大多数市民的主要交际工具,还成为不少人的母语。在与标准普通话的微观竞争中,一些永安普通话特点呈现衰退趋势,可能在不久的将来被标准普通话替代；多数有特色和表现力的则长期存在于永安普通话中,在部分人群中形成潜在威望,甚至成为新的地方语言标志；个别在较大范围内有共性,生命力特别强的则会继续扩散,甚至进入标准普通话。在各种竞争关系中,永安普通话特点的总体发展趋势是减少。只有部分经过竞争筛选后存留的特点才能成为稳定的地域标志,但多数特点在很长一段时间内还将继续存在于永安市民的口语中,发挥着独特的作用。
[Abstract]:Local Putonghua is the existence form of Putonghua and a variant of Putonghua formed in the contact between dialect and Putonghua. Under the guidance of sociolinguistic theory, this study selected Yongan City of Fujian Province, which has a high frequency of use, as the investigation point, using questionnaires and participating observation methods. This paper investigates and analyzes the variation of common notional words, mood words and special sentence patterns in Yongan urban area. The results show that the awareness rate of various language variables in Yongan Putonghua is very high, but influenced by various factors, the usage rate varies greatly. Firstly, education level, occupation, knowledge of Yongan dialect and place of birth are the important social factors that influence the use of language variables. On the whole, Yongan city was born, could speak Yongan dialect, had a lower education level, and those who were engaged in occupations with lower requirements for Putonghua were more inclined to use language variables. Secondly, there are some gender differences in the use of language variables. In youth and old, women are more likely to use language variables than men; in middle age, men are more likely to use language variables than women. Finally, language attitude is a psychological factor affecting the use and diffusion of language variables. On the one hand, regional identity is a social force to promote the use and dissemination of language variables; on the other hand, the recognition of the level of Putonghua in Yongan prevents Yongan Putonghua from approaching standard Mandarin. The intergenerational use of language variables shows that the old age and youth use rate is higher, middle age use rate is lower. Among them, the old age is the language variable introduction, the youth is the user and the disseminator. In addition, due to both the family environment of Yongan Putonghua and the campus environment of standard Putonghua, the language choice of high school students is unstable, which shows that the use of language variables is not uniform. In the macro competition with Yongan dialect, Yongan Putonghua is assuming more and more functions. It not only replaces Yongan dialect as the main communication tool of most citizens, but also becomes the mother tongue of many people. In the microcosmic competition with standard Putonghua, some characteristics of Yongan Putonghua show a declining trend and may be replaced by standard Putonghua in the near future, most of which are characteristic and expressive in Yongan Putonghua for a long time. In some groups of people to form potential prestige, or even become a new sign of local language; individuals in a large range of common, especially strong vitality will continue to spread, or even into the standard mandarin. In various competitive relationships, Yongan Putonghua features the overall trend of development is reduced. Only after some competitive selection can the characteristics remain in a stable region, but most of the characteristics will continue to exist in Yongan's spoken language for a long time and play a unique role.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H177

【参考文献】