口头禅话语的多维度考察

发布时间：2018-06-17 19:58

本文选题：口头禅 + 骂詈语　；参考：《华中科技大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：本文在问卷调查与语料分析的基础上,采用定量与定性相结合的研究方法,综合运用语言变异理论、语法化理论、语用化理论、主观化理论等语言学理论,对口头禅话语进行较为宏观的多维度研究。研究的重点是：口头禅话语的语言形式特征、口头禅话语的来源与演化过程、口头禅话语的社会分布及口头禅话语的语用评价。作为说话人潜意识的条件反射,口头禅是人们对外界以及自我的认知经过心理加工,主观化后表征为一定的结构形式高度黏附于言语机制之中所形成的固定的语言反应模式,是言语交际者脱口而出的、并具有高频复现、语义弱化特征的话语形式。口头禅是在日常话语中普遍存在却又别具一格的言语现象,是人类心灵的莫尔斯电码,是探知人类内心世界的有效工具。本研究通过问卷调查共收集到759位受试的口头禅话语使用信息,通过对口头禅的语言形式特征分析,发现：人们所使用的口头禅话语形式既具有多样性又体现集中性；口头禅大多由2-5字构成,短促有力；口头禅话语表现形式以短语居多、词语次之、句子再次、固定模式最少；大量口头禅话语形式中包含人称代词“我”或“你”,“我”、“你”共现的口头禅形式也不少见；含亲属词“妈”、“妹”、“爷”的口头禅形式极为常见；不少口头禅中含有外语表达形式,其中,英语式最多,亦有一些日语、韩语及英汉语码混用式口头禅。中、英文口头禅其来源都具有多元化特征,主要源头包括骂詈语、话语标记语、宗教术语与流行语。从本研究收集的数据来看,发端于骂詈语的口头禅数量最多,话语标记语其次,流行语再次,宗教术语最少。从骂詈语、宗教术语、流行语演化发展为口头禅的语言机制是语用化,而话语标记类口头禅的生成机制则是语法化。口头禅使用受制于一系列因素的影响,主要社会因素包括性别、年龄、文化程度、职业与地域。这些因素对口头禅的社会分布具体影响如下： ①口头禅使用性别差异：与女性相比,男性使用口头禅数量更多,使用频率更高；男性所使用的口头禅形式更简短；男性对骂詈口头禅的使用更频繁；男性对话语标记类口头禅的使用数量与频率远低于女性。 ②口头禅使用年龄差异：在儿童、少年、青年、中年、老年五个年龄阶段人群中,青年人对外语类口头禅、流行语式口头禅使用最为显著；青年、中年人群都较多使用话语标记类口头禅；老年人所使用的口头禅中含有方言词汇现象较为普遍。 ③口头禅使用文化程度差异：在低、中、高三种文化程度群体中,低、中等文化群体所使用的口头禅一半左右为骂詈类,而高文化程度者骂詈口头禅只占1/5左右；低、中、高三个群体所使用话语标记类口头禅数量与频次无显著性差异,但所选择的话语标记语形式明显不同；文化程度高的群体对流行语类口头禅使用更显著。 ④口头禅使用职业差异：中学生口头禅形式多样,但群体共性明显,粗俗的骂詈语较多,外语词汇频现；大学生口头禅中流行语常见,“悲催”、“郁闷”、“纠结”、“我晕”为其典型；教师口头禅中骂詈语鲜见,但话语标记类口头禅极为普遍,如“是不是”、“对不对”、“然后”等：职业语言口头禅化现象也存在于一些行业领域。 ⑤口头禅使用地域差异：东北地区盛行的口头禅形式包括“哎呀妈呀”、“啥玩意儿”、“那家伙”等；川渝地区常见的口头禅形式包括“锤子”、“毛线”、“老子”、“龟儿子”等；广东地区则有“我顶你个肺”。口头禅亦并非一定是无用的废话、冗余的信息、语言的赘疣,口头禅话语具有一定的积极作用,如口头禅在言语行为中能发挥开启话语交际活动、促进语篇连贯、填补语流空隙、连接话轮与夺取话轮、缓解受话人信息理解与加工压力、宣泄情感、彰显说话人的性格与态度等话语功能,适度使用口头禅有助于提升表达效果。但是口头禅话语不当使用所带来的负面影响不容忽视,如破坏话语内部成分间的连贯性、造成语言污染、沦为陈词滥调让人腻烦、损害人际关系等。基于对口头禅的表达效果的分析,提出口头禅使用的三条对策：适度使用良性口头禅；克服高频口头禅；去除恶性口头禅。
[Abstract]:On the basis of questionnaire survey and corpus analysis, this paper adopts the method of combining quantitative and qualitative research, and uses linguistic theories such as linguistic variation theory, grammaticalization theory, pragmaticalization theory and subjectivism theory to make a more macroscopic study of the discourse of the mouth. The focus of the study is the language form of the speech of the mouth. Characteristics, the source and evolution of the mantra discourse, the social distribution of the mantra discourse and the pragmatic evaluation of the mantra discourse.
As the conditional reflection of the subconscious of the speaker, the mantra is a fixed language response pattern formed by a certain structural form, which is highly adhered to the speech mechanism by a certain structural form, which is formed by a certain structural form, which is taken off by a verbal communicator and is characterized by high frequency reappearance and a semantic weakening. Speech form. The word "mouth" is a common but unique speech phenomenon in everyday discourse. It is the Morse code of the human mind. It is an effective tool to explore the inner world of human beings.
In this study, a total of 759 subjects were collected through a questionnaire survey. Through the analysis of the linguistic features of the mantra, it was found that the form of mantra used by people is diverse and concentrated, and the mantra is mostly made up of 2-5 words, short and powerful, and the expression form of the mantra is phrasal. In the form of a large number of words, "I" or "you", "I" and "you" are not uncommon; the form of mantra is very common in the words "mother", "sister", "Ye" and "Ye" in a large number of words. Among them, English is the largest, and there are some Japanese, Korean, English and Chinese mixed code phrases.
From the data collected in this study, the number of words originating in the language is the most, the discourse markers are second, the popular language is again, and the religious terms are the least. From the curse, the religious terms, the evolution of the popular language. The linguistic mechanism of development is pragmatic, while the generative mechanism of discourse markers is grammaticalization.
The use of mantra is influenced by a series of factors. The main social factors include gender, age, educational level, occupation and region. These factors have a specific impact on the social distribution of the mantra.
(1) the use of gender differences: compared with women, men use more mantra and more frequent use; men use a shorter form of mantra; men use more frequently to scold the mouth, and the number and frequency of men's use of discourse markers is far lower than that of women.
In the five age groups of children, adolescents, youth, middle age and old age, young people have the most significant use of the foreign language like dash and catchphrase dash, and the middle-aged and the middle-aged people use the discourse markers more. All over.
There is no significant difference in the number and frequency of the words marked by the low, middle and high level, but there is no significant difference between the number and frequency of the discourse markers in the low, middle and high level groups. The choice of discourse markers is obviously different, and highly educated groups use more popular phrases.
There are many different forms of vocation: the form of the middle school students is diverse, but the general commonness is obvious, the vulgar language is more common, the vocabulary of the foreign language is frequent, the popular words are common in the mantra, the "sad", "depressed", "tangled" and "I halo" are typical. For the general, such as "yes", "right or wrong", "then" and so on: professional language mantra phenomenon also exists in some industry areas.
There are regional differences in the use of mantra: the prevailing form of mantra in the Northeast includes "ah ah ah Ma", "what is a thing", "that guy" and so on; the common forms of mantra in Sichuan and Chongqing include "hammer", "wool", "Lao Zi", "the son of Tortoise" and so on; and the Guangdong area has "I top your lung".
Mantra is not necessarily useless nonsense, redundant information, verruca of language, and mantra has some positive effects. For example, mantra can play a communicative activity in speech act, promote discourse coherence, fill in the gap of complement flow, connect talk wheel and take talk wheel, relieve the pressure of information understanding and processing of the recipient, catharsis. Emotion shows the speaker's character and attitude. Proper use of the pet phrase helps to improve the effect of expression.
But the negative effects of the inappropriate use of the utterance can not be ignored, such as the disruption of the coherence between the internal components of the discourse, the pollution of the language, the inconsistency of the cliche and the damage to the interpersonal relationship.
Based on the analysis of the effect of the expression of the mantra, three countermeasures were put forward: the moderate use of the virtuous mouth meditation, the overcoming of the high frequency mantra, and the removal of the malignant mantra.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H136;H313

【参考文献】