现代汉语个体量词的认知研究

发布时间：2018-12-11 06:10

【摘要】：量词是汉语中最具特色的一类词汇，个体量词作为其中最重要的一部分，逐渐成为学者们研究的对象。随着认知语言学的兴起，用认知理论对汉语的本体进行研究，也成为研究的热点。本文从认知角度出发，，对现代汉语中的具有代表性的几个个体量词进行了认知分析。认为个体量词和名词的搭配是有认知理据的，并不是传统理论的“约定俗成”。探索了隐藏在其背后的汉民族的独特思维习惯与认知方式，揭示了个体量词与名物组合的认知理据。这样不但可以保护汉民族语言的纯洁性，也可以有助于汉语个体量词的学习和使用。本论一共分为六部分。第一部分是引言部分，在这一部分中主要介绍了个体量词的研究现状、选题意义以及本文的研究范围、方法和语料来源。第二部分是相关研究的概述。在这一部分中主要分为量词的定名研究和约定俗成理论及其影响。这一部分主要阐述了量词定名的历程和价值，以及在“约定俗成”理论的影响下的量词的研究成果及其局限性。第三部分是个体量词研究的认知理论基础研究。这一部分分为“量”的认知、语言与认知、范畴和范畴化、隐喻和转喻、意象图式、象似性六部分，都是认识语言学中最基本的概念，也是本文研究要用到认知理论基础。第四部分是个体量词的界定及发展演变研究。主要包括个体量词的界定、演变和产生原因三个部分。界定和演变是对个体量词的进行的本体研究，产生原因部分是从语言的结构和汉民族的认知思维入手，探求个体量词产生的原因。第五部分是认知视角下汉语个体量词个案研究。选取的具有特点和代表性的常用个案是“个”、“条”、“把”、“本”。在此部分中对选取的量词“个”、“条”、“把”、“本”进行逐个分析，并将“条”和“根”进行对比分析，主要从词义的发展演变本体研究和认知视角下的解释。第六部分是结语部分。在这一部分中对全文进行总结，并且从认知机制的深入、方言个体量词的研究和名量组合的理据性三个方面说明了当前研究中出现的问题及未来发展的方向。本论的创新点主要是第四部分在对个体量词的界定及发展演变研究中，主要包括界定、演变和产生原因三部分。其中前两者是本体研究，产生原因部分是从语言结构和汉民族的认知思维入手。同时在第五部分中对于认知视角下的现代汉语个体量词的个案研究中，对于常用个案进行分析，一点带面用以说明汉语中的个体量词的产生和泛化应用大多与民族认知心理、隐喻等有着密切的关系，在认知方面找到合理的解释。本论的不足之处集中在两个方面，一是例证举引的不够广泛；二是有关创新之处提出观点后，实践证明过程不够充分，且研究思路偏重与理论角度，对语料的例举和量化分析不是很充分。
[Abstract]:Quantifier is the most distinctive category of words in Chinese, and individual classifier, as the most important part of it, has gradually become the object of study by scholars. With the rise of cognitive linguistics, the study of Chinese Noumenon by cognitive theory has become a hot topic. From the perspective of cognition, this paper makes a cognitive analysis of several representative individual quantifiers in modern Chinese. The author thinks that the collocation of individual quantifiers and nouns has cognitive motivation, and is not a conventional theory. This paper explores the unique thinking habits and cognitive styles of the Han nationality hidden behind it, and reveals the cognitive motivation of the combination of individual quantifiers and names. This can not only protect the purity of the Chinese national language, but also contribute to the study and use of Chinese individual quantifiers. This theory is divided into six parts. The first part is the introduction. In this part, it mainly introduces the research status of individual quantifiers, the significance of the topic, the scope of this study, methods and the source of the corpus. The second part is the summary of related research. In this part, it is mainly divided into quantifier nominative research and generality theory and its influence. This part mainly expounds the process and value of quantifier naming, and the research results and limitations of quantifier under the influence of the theory of "established by convention". The third part is the basic research of cognitive theory of individual quantifier research. This part is divided into six parts: cognition of "quantity", language and cognition, category and categorization, metaphor and metonymy, image schema and iconicity. The fourth part is the definition and development of individual quantifiers. It mainly includes three parts: the definition of individual quantifiers, the evolution and the causes. The definition and evolution is the ontological study of individual quantifiers, and the reason is partly from the structure of language and the cognitive thinking of the Han nationality to explore the causes of individual quantifiers. The fifth part is a case study of Chinese individual quantifiers from a cognitive perspective. The typical and typical cases selected are "individual", "Article", "Ba", "Ben". In this part, the selected quantifiers "individual", "bar", "Ba", "Ben" are analyzed one by one, and the "article" and "root" are compared and analyzed, mainly from the perspective of the development and evolution of the meaning of the word and the explanation from the cognitive perspective. The sixth part is the conclusion. In this part, the author summarizes the full text, and explains the problems in the current research and the direction of future development from the perspective of cognitive mechanism, the research of individual quantifiers in dialects and the motivation of the combination of names and variables. The innovation of this theory is mainly the fourth part in the study of the definition and development of individual quantifiers, which mainly includes three parts: definition, evolution and reasons. The first two are Noumenon study, which comes from the language structure and the cognitive thinking of the Han nationality. At the same time, in the fifth part of the cognitive perspective of the individual quantifiers of modern Chinese case study, for the common case analysis, a point with a surface to explain the emergence and generalization of individual quantifiers in Chinese and the majority of the national cognitive psychology. Metaphor has a close relationship, in the cognitive aspect to find a reasonable explanation. The inadequacies of this theory are concentrated in two aspects, one is that the cited examples are not wide enough; Second, after putting forward the ideas of innovation, the practice proves that the process is not enough, and the research thought is focused on the theoretical angle, and the examples and quantitative analysis of the corpus are not sufficient.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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