“已经”和“曾经”的语用功能及对句类的选择

发布时间：2019-07-01 09:54

【摘要】："已经"和"曾经"的语用功能从三个平面语法研究理论入手,表现在:"曾经"句的话题是静态的,往往简单,"已经"句的话题是动态的,相对复杂一些;"已经"往往可以表示非真值性的完成,"曾经"往往表示真值性的完成;"曾经"表示正向强调,"已经"表示反向强调;当"曾经"在表示衔接功能时,"曾经"可以出现在句首,起到承上启下作用,"已经"不具有衔接功能。在句类的选择关系中,在陈述句中,"已经"句具有叙述功能,其最终目的是传达语义的延续性,表示的语义是客观的,不带有说话人的主观判断,而"曾经"句用于对过去某事的追溯,起到回忆或叙述的功能;"已经"能用在疑问句和祈使句里,"曾经"能用在是非问和选择问中。
[Abstract]:The pragmatic functions of "already" and "once" start with three theories of plane grammar, which are as follows: the topic of "once" sentence is static and often simple, the topic of "already" sentence is dynamic and relatively complex, "already" can often indicate the completion of non-truth value, "once" often means the completion of truth value, "once" means positive emphasis, "already" means reverse emphasis, "once" means positive emphasis, "already" means reverse emphasis, "once" means positive emphasis, "already" means reverse emphasis, "once" means positive emphasis, "already" means reverse emphasis, "once" means positive emphasis, "already" means reverse emphasis. When "once" represents the cohesion function, "once" can appear at the beginning of the sentence and play the role of connecting the above and the following. "already" does not have the function of cohesion. In the choice relationship of sentence class, in declarative sentence, "already" sentence has narrative function, its ultimate purpose is to convey semantic continuity, the semantic representation is objective, does not have the subjective judgment of the speaker, and "once" sentence is used to trace something in the past, play the function of memory or narration; "already" can be used in interrogative sentences and imperative sentences, and "once" can be used in right and wrong questions and selective questions.
【作者单位】：齐齐哈尔大学文学与历史文化学院;
【分类号】：H13;H146

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