英汉语难易结构对比研究

发布时间：2021-07-11 07:47

　　本文在最简方案的框架下,结合小句理论,对英汉难易结构进行对比分析,旨在探求这两种语言现象在生成方式上存在的共同点与差异。难易结构作为一种普遍的语言现象,有两个特点:其一是语义上都涉及难易类形容词,其二是都存在受事宾语前置的状况。具体来说,英汉两种语言中的难易结构拥有一套相同的原则和参数,而在其各自不同的语言系统内部,会产生一些差异。本文首先从句法表层来研究英汉难易结构之间的难易特征（ Tough properties）,接着进一步揭示其相同的生成过程。在英汉难易结构中,难易形容词和内嵌小句是通过基础生成（base-generate）得来的。由于内嵌小句的独特特征,经过一系列的合并、移动等技术手段,最终形成了英汉语言中的难易结构。而在这一系列衍生过程中,受英汉两种语言的不同影响,英汉难易结构又表现出不同的特性。通过研究发现,在表层上,英汉难易结构1)都涉及到表达难易程度的形容词;2)句法结构都是述补结构;3)形容词修饰的是整个事件,包括事件发出者和动作,而不是单独的论元或其他单独的成分;4)事件发出者可以隐含在结构中,但并未消失;5)主句主语和小句内动词存在动宾关系。深入到生成过程中看,... 

【文章来源】：河南大学河南省

【文章页数】：116 页

【学位级别】：硕士

【文章目录】：
Acknowledgement
Abstract (Enlgish)
摘要
Chapter One Introduction
    1.1 Preliminary Remarks
    1.2 Research Questions
    1.3 Data Collection and Research Method
        1.3.1 Data Collection
        1.3.2 Research Method
        1.3.3 Significance and Purposes
    1.4 Organization of the Thesis
Chapter Two English and Chinese Tough Constructions
    2.1 English Tough Constructions
        2.1.1 Adjective Syntactic Constructions
        2.1.2 ETCs, Non-ETCs and Pseudo-ETCs
        2.1.3 Definition of ETCs
        2.1.4 Summary
    2.2 Chinese Tough Constructions
        2.2.1 Distributions of CTCs
            2.2.1.1 Single Predicate
            2.2.1.2 Double Predicate
            2.2.1.3 Adverbial Adjectives
            2.2.1.4 Adjectives as Predicate
        2.2.2 CTCs and Pseudo-CTCs
        2.2.3 Definition of CTCs
        2.2.4 Summary
    2.3 A Brief Comparison between ETCs and CTCs
Chapter Three Literature Review
    3.1 Introduction
    3.2 Researches on ETCs
        3.2.1 Descriptive Approach
            3.2.1.1 Hornby
            3.2.1.2 Quirk et al
            3.2.1.3 Zhang Daozhen
            3.2.1.4 Zhang Zhenbang
            3.2.1.5 Comments
        3.2.2 Generative Approach
            3.2.2.1 Classic Generative Approach by Rosenbaum
            3.2.2.2 Object Deletion by Lasnik and Fiengo
            3.2.2.3 HDSG-oriented Approach
            3.2.2.4 Null Operator Wh-movement by Chomsky
            3.2.2.5 A-A’-A-Movement by Brody & Hornstein
            3.2.2.6 Complex Null Operator by Hicks
        3.2.3 Functional Approach
        3.2.4 Cognitive Approach
        3.2.5 Summary
    3.3 Researches on CTCs
        3.3.1 Adverbial Adjunct by Zhu Dexi
        3.3.2 Auxiliary Verb Hypothesis by Lv Shuxiang
        3.3.3 Passivization: Pros and Cons
        3.3.4 Middle Hypothesis by Shen Yang
        3.3.5 Summary
    3.4 Comparisons in-between
    3.5 Towards a SCT-based Minimalist Analysis on TCs
    3.6 Summary
Chapter Four Theoretical Framework
    4.1 Minimalist Program
        4.1.1 Merge
        4.1.2 Checking
        4.1.3 Move at a Price
        4.1.4 Phases
        4.1.5 Light Verbs
    4.2 Small Clause Theory
        4.2.1 Structures of Small Clauses
        4.2.2 Nature of SCs
            4.2.2.1 Subcategorization of the Verb
            4.2.2.2 Tenseless and Caseless of the Constituents
        4.2.3 Restructuring Motivations
Chapter Five Derivation of ETCs and CTCs
    5.1 Assumption for a Tensed IP
    5.2 First-Merge Positions
    5.3 Sleepy Case-Assignor
        5.3.1 Classifications of for-phrases
        5.3.2 Redefinition of Little for
    5.4 Sample Derivation of ETCs
    5.5 Sample Derivation of CTCs
    5.6 Evidences
        5.6.1 Empirical Evidences
        5.6.2 Theoretical Evidences
    5.7 Suspects on Aspects
    5.8 Summary
Chapter Six Conclusion
    6.1 Major Findings
    6.2 Predictable Problems and Suggestions
Bibliography


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硕士论文
[1]“很+形容词+动词”结构研究[D]. 黄少楼.华中师范大学 2007
[2]常规性：一种英语形容词句型的语法化过程[D]. 李香玲.河南大学 2005
[3]中国学生对英语Tough结构的习得[D]. 王正胜.大连海事大学 2004



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