中亚国家语言政策及其发展走向分析

发布时间：2018-01-15 20:41

本文关键词：中亚国家语言政策及其发展走向分析　出处：《新疆社会科学》2015年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：中亚国家实施以全面发展本国国语并扩大其在政治、经济和社会生活等所有领域的功能为主要目的的新型语言政策,与此同时,降低俄语地位、缩减俄语使用范围、有意进行文字改革的举措,使俄语被严重"边缘化"。然而,俄语的交际功能和实际应用性并没有因法律地位的下降而大幅度降低,俄语仍然是主要的族际交际语言。语言政策与现实需求的背离,严重影响着社会生活的方方面面,语言环境恶化促使人口外迁,不懂俄语制约劳务输出,字母拉丁化导致教育质量下降,俄语的语言功能被认知为与俄交往的利器。中亚国家语言政策的最大特点是过于政治化,语言完全被某些政治家视为政治游戏的手段,而未把它当作经济和社会发展的有效资源。人口、经济和地缘政治等因素将会直接影响中亚国家语言政策的发展走向。总体而言,俄语不会迅速退出中亚,主体民族语言彻底拉丁化尚需时日。
[Abstract]:The Central Asian States pursued a new linguistic policy aimed at the full development of the national language and the expansion of its functions in all fields of political, economic and social life, while at the same time reducing the status of the Russian language. The measures of reducing the scope of Russian use and intentionally carrying out the reform of Chinese characters have made the Russian language seriously "marginalized". However, the communicative function and practical application of the Russian language have not been greatly reduced because of the decline in the legal status. Russian is still the main language of inter-ethnic communication. The deviation between language policy and practical needs has seriously affected all aspects of social life. The deterioration of the language environment has prompted the emigration of the population and the lack of knowledge of Russian to restrict the export of labor services. The Latinization of letters leads to the deterioration of the quality of education, and the language function of Russian is recognized as a sharp tool for communication with Russia. The biggest feature of the language policy of the Central Asian countries is that it is too politicized. Language is viewed entirely by some politicians as a means of political play, rather than as an effective resource for economic and social development. Population. Factors such as economy and geopolitics will directly influence the development trend of language policy in Central Asian countries. In general, Russian will not withdraw from Central Asia quickly, and it will take time for the main national language to be completely Latinized.
【作者单位】：兰州大学外国语学院;
【基金】：教育部社科规划项目“原苏联国家语言现状与语言政策研究”(10YJA740125)的阶段性研究成果
【分类号】：H002
【正文快照】： 由于长期受俄罗斯化政策的影响,苏联时期,中亚地区的俄语普及程度高、双语(俄语和主体民族语)现象普遍,有些地区甚至出现掌握俄语人数超过母语人数的情况。苏联解体后,中亚国家把使用主体民族语言视为新独立国家民族认同的重要标志和民族国家建设的核心要素,纷纷兴起“语言民

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