俄罗斯学生汉语状语位置习得偏误分析

发布时间：2018-04-19 17:29

  本文选题：汉俄语状语位置对比 + 状语位置偏误分析　； 参考：《南京大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：现如今,汉语成为世界上越来越重要的语言,所以在俄罗斯有越来越多的学生学汉语。在外语学习和教学过程中经常会出现不同的问题,在教学的特定阶段值得我们多加注意。在对外汉语教学中语法占有重要的地位,而语序是一种重要的语法手段,语言的基本构造之一,同时它是一种重要的语法形式,所以语序的研究是一个重要课题。状语是现代汉语中一个复杂而重要的句子构成因素。在汉语状语学习过程中,俄罗斯学生经常有状语位置偏误。偏误产生的原因在于,俄语和汉语的词序差异很大,俄语句子中词的排列顺序相当灵活,而在汉语中词序没有俄语那么自由,每个句子的成分都有自己正确的位置,这样的差异会使俄罗斯学生学习汉语的时候产生母语负迁移,从而引起状语的位置偏误。本论文的研究目的是分析俄罗斯学生汉语状语学习位置偏误产生的原因。以往的研究中,关于俄罗斯学生汉语状语位置的习得过程和偏误研究还较少,本文结合阿列赫姆国立大学HSK动态语料库、阿列赫姆国立大学中级班学生的作文作为自然语料,结合笔者自己编写的调查问卷进行研究。这些分析来源相互补充,有助于笔者进行更加深入地分析,对笔者研究不同练习题的优缺点也有帮助。笔者对俄罗斯学生在学习汉语状语位置时存在的学习偏误进行了调查、分析和研究。本论文分析五种状语:情态状语,处所状语,时间状语,原因状语,目的状语。通过俄汉语对比分析,笔者通过对比俄汉语状语语法规律的差异,找出偏误产生的原因。笔者发现,母语负迁移和目的语负迁移是影响学生偏误产生的两个主要原因。另外,学习策略和交际策略与学习环境的影响也对偏误产生的原因有影响。在论文中,笔者以很多有偏误的句子为例,'每个汉语句子搭配俄语翻译,这样可以更明显地看到汉语语序和俄语语序的异同。结合研究结果,为提高针对俄罗斯学生的汉语语法教与学的质量和效果,笔者提出了对俄罗斯学生状语位置教学的策略,以及针对教师和教材两方面提出了个人的建议。笔者强调练习设计、俄汉语言对比及语法教学的重要性,以及讨论了偏误纠正的办法。为减少学生汉语学习的状语位置偏误,笔者编写了状语语法规则辅导书及语法练习题。实习期间,笔者使用这些材料并对结果进行了分析和总结,发现学生偏误出现的情况有所改变,通过测试笔者发现学生的偏误率有所降低。本论文的分析不仅对教汉语的老师与学汉语的学生有益处,而且也对学习俄语的中国学生有帮助。通过论文里的汉语与俄语语法对比分析,中国学生能更好地了解俄语词序的特点和修辞的意义。因为笔者将来想进行更多有关俄罗斯学生学汉语词序的研究,编写更多有效的练习题集,所以本论文对将来的研究具有极其重要的价值。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, Chinese is becoming more and more important in the world, so more and more students learn Chinese in Russia.Different problems often arise in the process of foreign language learning and teaching.Grammar plays an important role in teaching Chinese as a foreign language, and word order is an important grammatical means, one of the basic structure of language, at the same time, it is an important grammatical form, so the study of word order is an important subject.Adverbial is a complicated and important sentence element in modern Chinese.Russian students often have adverbial errors in the process of learning Chinese adverbials.The reason for the error is that the word order of Russian and Chinese is very different, the order of words in Russian sentences is quite flexible, and in Chinese word order is not as free as Russian, and each sentence has its own correct position.This difference will result in negative transfer of native language when Russian students learn Chinese, thus causing errors in the position of adverbial.The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the causes of the errors in the learning position of Chinese adverbials in Russian students.In previous studies, there have been few studies on the acquisition process and errors of Chinese adverbial position among Russian students. This paper combines the HSK dynamic corpus of Alehm State University and the composition of the intermediate class of Alehm State University as the natural corpus.Combined with the author's own questionnaire to study.These analysis sources complement each other, which is helpful for the author to make more in-depth analysis, and also helpful for the author to study the advantages and disadvantages of different exercises.The author investigates, analyzes and studies the learning errors of Russian students in learning Chinese adverbial positions.This paper analyzes five adverbials: modal adverbial, locative adverbial, temporal adverbial, reason adverbial and target adverbial.Through the contrastive analysis of Russian and Chinese, the author finds out the causes of errors by contrasting the differences of grammatical rules between Russian and Chinese adverbials.The author finds that negative transfer of mother tongue and negative transfer of target language are the two main reasons that affect students' errors.In addition, the influence of learning strategies, communication strategies and learning environment also has an effect on the causes of errors.In this paper, the author takes many incorrect sentences as an example: every Chinese sentence is collocated with Russian translation, so that the similarities and differences between Chinese word order and Russian word order can be seen more obviously.Combined with the research results, in order to improve the quality and effect of teaching and learning Chinese grammar for Russian students, the author puts forward the strategies of teaching Russian students' adverbial positions, and puts forward personal suggestions for teachers and textbooks.The author emphasizes the importance of practice design, Russian and Chinese language contrast and grammar teaching, and discusses the ways to correct errors.In order to reduce the adverbial errors in Chinese learning, the author compiled the adverbial grammar rules guide book and grammar exercises.During the practice, the author used these materials to analyze and summarize the results, and found that the situation of students' errors has changed, and through the test the author found that the students' error rate has been reduced.The analysis of this thesis is not only beneficial to Chinese teachers and students, but also helpful to Chinese students who learn Russian.Through the contrastive analysis of Chinese and Russian grammar, Chinese students can better understand the characteristics of Russian word order and the meaning of rhetoric.Because the author wants to do more research on the word order of Russian students in the future and compile more effective exercise sets, this paper is of great value to the future study.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H195.3
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本文编号：1774038