中美政治语篇“掩饰”语言策略对比研究
发布时间：2018-08-09 19:04
【摘要】：政治语篇具有强压、抵制抗议、合法化非合法化以及掩饰等四个策略功能。政治活动参与者在面对一些涉及国家利益、国家秘密的问题时,必须通过借助某些策略性的语言来实现对某些敏感问题的"掩饰"。政治博弈也是语言的游戏,掩饰语言策略的使用是政治活动参与者智慧的体现。有效的掩饰语言策略可以帮助政治活动参与者在不伤害他人面子的情况下保护国家秘密,维护国家利益。本研究以涉及8个话题的26场中美政治活动参与者答记者问原文为语料,采用对比研究的方法,对比汉英政治语篇中的掩饰语言策略使用。区别于其他相关研究,本研究的语料具有对话性与口语性,有利于更准确地分析政治语篇中掩饰语言策略的特点。为保证语料选择的客观性,研究者运用调查问卷及SPSS 21.0分析了参与者对于政治语篇中"掩饰"的判断情况,从而增强了后续对比研究的信度。研究发现中美政治活动参与者通常使用六种语言策略完成掩饰,这些掩饰语言策略包括:直接拒绝、间接拒绝(表达不知情推给他人忽略问题转言其他)、引用或指称第三方信息、情态动词、修辞手法及被动语态。通过对比分析,研究者发现中西方在不同掩饰策略的选择和使用上存在数量上的相同点及不同点。研究者进一步总结得出中英政治语篇中掩饰策略使用所呈现的相同特点及差异。掩饰语言策略是中英政治语篇的一个共有现象,并且间接策略在掩饰中更受欢迎。中西方在这些掩饰策略的使用上存在的差异主要表现在:(1)英语在掩饰上更直接而中文更间接;(2)英语中较多被动语态与情态动词用于掩饰;(3)中文中使用更多修辞手法,语言更具文学色彩。以对比研究结果为基础,研究者在批判话语分析及面子理论的框架内对政治语篇中的语言现象进行了更深入的理论阐述,并从历史、文化、思维方式、语言本身特点等方面探讨了中英在政治语篇中的掩饰策略使用上存在差异的原因。同时,本研究还为政治语篇中"掩饰"语言现象的提供了一个模型,这一模型展示了 "掩饰"的运作机制。当政治活动的参与者面对涉及以下三个方面的问题时,他们倾向于使用策略性语言来进行掩饰:(1)态度及立场;(2)施动者、动因;(3)承诺及预测。它们构成"掩饰"的启动部分,说话人在综合考虑国家利益等政治因素和面子、礼貌等社会因素后,会对掩饰语言策略进行选择,完成政治语篇中的"掩饰"。这一模型有利于对政治语篇中语言意义的深入理解,帮助判断政治语篇中的掩饰语言现象。研究发现,"掩饰"作为一种语言策略在政治语篇中非常常见,针对这些语言策略进行对比分析与研究,有利于加深对政治语言意义的理解,更多地认识国别差异。这种跨学科的语言研究也为政治学与语言学的交叉学科研究提供一些思考。
[Abstract]:Political discourse has four strategic functions: strong pressure, resistance to protest, legalization and non-legalization, and cover-up. In the face of problems involving national interests and state secrets, participants in political activities must resort to some strategic language to achieve the "cover-up" of some sensitive issues. Political game is also a game of language, and the use of disguised language strategies is the embodiment of the wisdom of participants in political activities. Effective language hiding strategies can help political actors to protect state secrets and national interests without hurting the face of others. In this study, 26 participants of Chinese and American political activities on 8 topics were used to answer questions from reporters, and a contrastive study was used to compare the use of disguised language strategies in Chinese and English political discourse. Different from other relevant studies, the corpus of this study is conversational and oral, which is conducive to more accurate analysis of the characteristics of disguised language strategies in political discourse. In order to ensure the objectivity of corpus selection, the researcher used questionnaire and SPSS 21.0 to analyze the judgment of "cover-up" in political discourse, thus enhancing the reliability of subsequent contrastive studies. The study found that participants in Chinese and American political activities usually use six language strategies to cover up, including direct refusal. Indirect refusal (indirect refusal), quoting or referring to third party information, modal verbs, rhetorical devices, and passive voice. Through comparative analysis, the researchers find that there are similarities and differences in the selection and use of different concealment strategies between China and the West. The researchers conclude that the same characteristics and differences in the use of cover-up strategies in Chinese and English political discourse. Concealment strategy is a common phenomenon in Chinese and English political discourse, and indirect strategy is more popular in concealment. The differences in the use of these strategies between China and the West are as follows: (1) English is more direct and Chinese more indirect in disguise; (2) more passive voice and modal verbs are used in English; (3) more rhetorical devices are used in Chinese. Language is more literary. Based on the contrastive research results, the researcher makes a deeper theoretical analysis of the linguistic phenomena in political discourse within the framework of critical discourse analysis and face theory, and makes a further theoretical analysis of the linguistic phenomena in political discourse from the perspective of history, culture and mode of thinking. This paper discusses the differences between Chinese and English in the use of concealment strategies in political discourse. At the same time, the present study provides a model for the phenomenon of "cover-up" in political discourse, which demonstrates the mechanism of "cover-up". When the participants in political activities are faced with the following three problems, they tend to use strategic language to cover up: (1) attitude and position; (2) actor, motivation; (3) commitment and prediction. After considering the political factors such as national interests and social factors, such as face and politeness, the speaker will choose the language strategies to complete the "cover-up" in political discourse. This model can help to understand the meaning of language in political discourse and help to judge the phenomenon of disguised language in political discourse. It is found that "cover-up" is very common in political discourse as a language strategy. A comparative analysis and study of these strategies will help to deepen the understanding of the meaning of political language and to understand the differences between different countries. This cross-disciplinary language study also provides some thoughts for the cross-disciplinary study of politics and linguistics.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H315;H15
本文编号：2175010
[Abstract]:Political discourse has four strategic functions: strong pressure, resistance to protest, legalization and non-legalization, and cover-up. In the face of problems involving national interests and state secrets, participants in political activities must resort to some strategic language to achieve the "cover-up" of some sensitive issues. Political game is also a game of language, and the use of disguised language strategies is the embodiment of the wisdom of participants in political activities. Effective language hiding strategies can help political actors to protect state secrets and national interests without hurting the face of others. In this study, 26 participants of Chinese and American political activities on 8 topics were used to answer questions from reporters, and a contrastive study was used to compare the use of disguised language strategies in Chinese and English political discourse. Different from other relevant studies, the corpus of this study is conversational and oral, which is conducive to more accurate analysis of the characteristics of disguised language strategies in political discourse. In order to ensure the objectivity of corpus selection, the researcher used questionnaire and SPSS 21.0 to analyze the judgment of "cover-up" in political discourse, thus enhancing the reliability of subsequent contrastive studies. The study found that participants in Chinese and American political activities usually use six language strategies to cover up, including direct refusal. Indirect refusal (indirect refusal), quoting or referring to third party information, modal verbs, rhetorical devices, and passive voice. Through comparative analysis, the researchers find that there are similarities and differences in the selection and use of different concealment strategies between China and the West. The researchers conclude that the same characteristics and differences in the use of cover-up strategies in Chinese and English political discourse. Concealment strategy is a common phenomenon in Chinese and English political discourse, and indirect strategy is more popular in concealment. The differences in the use of these strategies between China and the West are as follows: (1) English is more direct and Chinese more indirect in disguise; (2) more passive voice and modal verbs are used in English; (3) more rhetorical devices are used in Chinese. Language is more literary. Based on the contrastive research results, the researcher makes a deeper theoretical analysis of the linguistic phenomena in political discourse within the framework of critical discourse analysis and face theory, and makes a further theoretical analysis of the linguistic phenomena in political discourse from the perspective of history, culture and mode of thinking. This paper discusses the differences between Chinese and English in the use of concealment strategies in political discourse. At the same time, the present study provides a model for the phenomenon of "cover-up" in political discourse, which demonstrates the mechanism of "cover-up". When the participants in political activities are faced with the following three problems, they tend to use strategic language to cover up: (1) attitude and position; (2) actor, motivation; (3) commitment and prediction. After considering the political factors such as national interests and social factors, such as face and politeness, the speaker will choose the language strategies to complete the "cover-up" in political discourse. This model can help to understand the meaning of language in political discourse and help to judge the phenomenon of disguised language in political discourse. It is found that "cover-up" is very common in political discourse as a language strategy. A comparative analysis and study of these strategies will help to deepen the understanding of the meaning of political language and to understand the differences between different countries. This cross-disciplinary language study also provides some thoughts for the cross-disciplinary study of politics and linguistics.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H315;H15
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