汉蒙亲属称谓语对比研究

发布时间：2018-12-09 11:24

【摘要】：语言是人们的交际工具,是人们互相了解联系的主要因素。亲属称谓语在任何一种语言的词汇里都是很重要的组成部分,数量也非常丰富。它不仅表达单一的亲属关系,它还包含关于人与人之间的日常联系的社会意义、社会影响。我们生活交际各个方面都离不开亲属称谓语,亲属称谓语标记社会中广泛存在的人际关系,反映人类文化心理的特殊现象。正如恩格斯所说的那样:“亲属称谓在一切蒙昧民族和野蛮民族的社会制度中起着决定性的作用……父亲、子女、兄弟、姊妹等称谓,并不是简单的荣誉称号,而是一种负有完全确定的,异常郑重的相互义务的称呼。这些义务的点和面就是构成这些民族的社会制度的实质部分。”(1)由于国家、民族、地区、社会生活方式等的不同在不同的语言里亲属称谓语也显现出了不同的特征。每个民族语言中的亲属称谓语都会随着该民族的社会发展、婚姻制度的改变而跟着发展变化。亲属称谓语反映该民族的历史、文化、价值观念、认知方式、思维方式、风俗习惯以及宗教信仰等各方面。亲属称谓语会随着该民族的婚姻制度以及社会发展而发展完善,并且反映该民族的历史文化发展以及文明程度。中国和蒙古国是邻国,历史渊源悠久,中国境内的内蒙古、青海、甘肃、新疆等地方也生活着很多的蒙古族人民。所以为了加深对彼此文化、社会状况的了解,必须研究两个民族语言中的亲属称谓语。本论文以汉语和蒙古语中的亲属称谓语作为主要研究对象,运用对比分析的方法,对比他们各自的特点、分类、具体应用、以及类型学视野下的共性和个性。本论文由绪论、汉蒙亲属称谓系统的宏观对比、汉蒙亲属称谓语面称、背称系统的对比分析、汉蒙亲属称谓语的构词对比分析、汉蒙亲属称谓语的意义对比分析、汉蒙亲属称谓语的泛化对比分析、汉蒙亲属称谓语在类型学视野下的共性和个性七个部分组成。
[Abstract]:Language is the communication tool and the main factor for people to understand each other. Kinship appellations are an important part of any language vocabulary and are abundant in number. It not only expresses the single kinship, but also contains the social meaning and social influence of the daily relationship between people. All aspects of our life communication can not be separated from kinship appellations. Kinship appellations mark the widespread interpersonal relationships in the society and reflect the special phenomenon of human cultural psychology. As Engels put it: "kinship appellation plays a decisive role in the social system of all savage and savage nations. The appellation of father, child, brother, sister is not a simple title of honor, but a term of mutual obligation with complete certainty. The point and aspect of these obligations is the essential part of the social system of these nationalities. "(1) the different countries, nationalities, regions, social lifestyles, etc., have different characteristics in different languages." The kinship appellations in each national language will change with the development of the society and the marriage system. Kinship appellations reflect the history, culture, values, cognitive mode, mode of thinking, customs, and religious beliefs of the nation. Kinship appellations will develop and perfect with the marriage system and social development of the nation, and reflect the historical and cultural development and civilization of the nation. China and Mongolia are neighbors with a long history. Many Mongolian people live in Inner Mongolia, Qinghai, Gansu, Xinjiang and other places in China. Therefore, in order to better understand each other's culture and social situation, we must study the kinship appellations in the two national languages. This thesis takes the kinship appellations in Chinese and Mongolian as the main research objects, and compares their characteristics, classification, application, and generality and individuality from the perspective of typology by means of comparative analysis. This paper consists of introduction, macro comparison of the relative appellation system of Han and Mongolian, the comparative analysis of the appellation surface of Han and Mongolian relatives, the contrastive analysis of the system of back-weighing, the contrastive analysis of word-formation of the relative appellation of Han and Mongolian, and the contrastive analysis of the meaning of the kinship appellation of Han and Mongolian. In this paper, the generalizations of kinship terms in Han and Mongolian are compared and analyzed, and the generality and individuality of kinship appellations in Han and Mongolian are analyzed in the view of typology.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H136;H212

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