抑制与突显：误解的认知研究

发布时间：2025-05-14 23:38

　　本文以口头交际误解为主要研究对象,对言语误解的界定、类型、形成原因及误解造成的后果进行认知分析,尝试从抑制-突显的角度对言语误解的形成机制进行系统阐释。 广义的误解包括对他人行为、口头交际语以及对书面语的误解。一般而言,我们研究最多的是口头交际语的误解,它指在言语交际中说话人没有准确传达其话语意义或交际意图,听话人没有准确理解说话人话语意义与意图而产生的语言现象。本文所指误解皆为口头交际误解。误解可分为字面意义误解和情境意义误解。字面意义误解由词汇意义引起,而情境意义由一些深层原因导致,需要我们探究。误解与语用失误、不解、误导与刻意曲解构成了整个交际失误的家族,具有一定的相似性,但各有其不同特点。 抑制与突显在信息处理中起着重要作用。抑制-突显为解释误解提供了清晰的脉络。一般说来,在话语理解过程中,当说话人欲传达的交际意图与听话人所理解的突显信息一致时,言语交际获得成功。但并非每一次交际均可达成预期效果。 在抑制-突显视角下,言语理解过程是一个建构与整合的过程,言语本身有着多种解释意义,这些意义共同构建成了一个意义框架网。当说者传达其信息意图时,该命题意义框架网中的种种意义在...

【文章页数】：87 页

【学位级别】：硕士

【文章目录】：
摘要
Abstract
Introduction
Chapter One Literature Review
    1.1.Definition of Misunderstanding
        1.1.1 Some Previous Definitions of Misunderstanding
        1.1.2 Comments on Previous Definitions
        1.1.3 Conclusion
    1.2 Misunderstanding and “Mis-family”
        1.2.1 Misunderstanding and Pragmatic Failure
        1.2.2 Misunderstanding and Miscommunication
        1.2.3 Misunderstanding and Non-understanding
        1.2.4 Misunderstanding and Misleading
        1.2.5 Misunderstanding and Deliberate Misinterpretation or Planned Misunderstanding
        1.2.6 Summary
    1.3 An Overview on Research Scope of Misunderstanding
        1.3.1 Researches Abroad
        1.3.2 Researches at Home
        1.3.3 The Comments of Former Research
Chapter Two The Interpretative Power of Cognitve Context on Misunderstanding
    2.1 Misunderstanding in the Cognitive Context and Its Classification
        2.1.1 Presuppositions in Context
        2.1.2 Misunderstanding Caused by Presuppositions
        2.1.3 The Characteristics of Presuppositions
Chapter Three Theoretical Foundation
    3.1 Inhibition and Salience
        3.1.1 Inhibition
        3.1.2 Salience
    3.2 The Language Processing Under the Inhibition-salience
    3.3 Misunderstanding from the View of Inhibition-salience in Cognitive Context
        3.3.1 Graded Salience Hypothesis and Misunderstanding
        3.3.2 Misunderstanding—The Incongruity Between the Inhibited and Salient Meanings of The Interlocutors
        3.3.3 Conclusion
    3.4 The Dynamic View of Context
    3.5 The Classification of Context
        3.5.1 The Prior Context
        3.5.2 The Situational Context
        3.5.3 Conclusion
Chapter Four Misunderstanding Model by Means of Inhibition-salience
    4.1 Misunderstanding Model by Means of Inhibition-salience
    4.5 Sample Analysis
        4.5.1 Actual Situational Context
        4.5.2 Differences in Private Contexts
        4.5.3 Salience and Situational Context
        4.5.4 Linguistic Underspecification
Conclusion
Bibliography
Acknowledgements
Appendix 攻读学位期间主要研究成果目录
详细摘要



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