小说《塔勒亚尼》的“自由主题”

发布时间：2018-05-13 20:00

本文选题：《塔勒亚尼》 + 自由主题　；参考：《北京外国语大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：《塔勒亚尼》是突尼斯作家舒克里·马布胡特的第一部小说,于2015年6月摘得"阿拉伯小说国际奖(阿拉伯布克奖)"的桂冠。小说故事发生在布尔吉巴统治末期以及本·阿里统治初期,围绕左派男青年阿卜杜勒·纳赛尔·塔勒亚尼的政治斗争和感情历险两条线展开,揭示了突尼斯个人被权力压迫、被边缘化的生存状态,展现了个人自由意志与至高无上的权力之间的冲突对立,是作者作为一个有责任感、有使命感的60后知识分子对于国民生存困境和民族命运的深刻思考,对阿拉伯剧变至今还余热未消的阿拉伯世界有着重要的启示意义。《塔勒亚尼》简洁流畅的语言表达、错综复杂的场景、环环相扣的情节、复杂真实的人物性格、别出心裁的叙事策略和深刻宏大的叙事主题都深深地吸引了读者,因此一经出版便引起了巨大反响。小说结构较为复杂,作者运用了一系列叙事策略来达到叙事目的,叙事人称在第一人称和第三人称中频繁转换、时序在顺叙和倒叙中自由切换。本文通过文本细读把握小说内容和思想的关系,掌握小说内部的组织结构,厘清故事脉络,与此同时,以福柯的权力理论为指导,结合具体历史背景和文化语境挖掘作品的深层主题。本文绪论第一节对作者舒克里·马布胡特的生平、作品进行概述,对小说《塔勒亚尼》的人物、故事和主题进行梳理,同时对目前国内外学者对该作家及其作品的研究现状进行归纳总结;第二节则是对福柯的权力理论进行概括介绍。正文部分共分为三章,第一章分析《塔勒亚尼》中的人物在身体层面所受到的来自权力的规训和压迫,揭示社会中个体遭受的身体"暴力",以及此种情况下他们身体的"驯服"状态和为建构身体自由所作出的抗争,然而这种抗争却并没有带来真正的身体自由,不理性的抵抗方式使个人在被动接受权力压迫的同时,也成为了权力的主动施加者,这无疑又令个人身体陷入了另一种困境。第二章分析《塔勒亚尼》中的人物在话语层面所受到的来自权力的规训和压迫,揭示权力对话语的"阉割"所导致的个体失语状态,以及个体为争夺自由的话语权所作出的努力,但是,话语并不仅仅是一种表达诉求、公开反抗的方式,同时也是一种发号施令的途径,所以,不完全的话语祛序终究只能带来戴着镣铐的"自由话语"。第三章分析《塔勒亚尼》中的人物在空间层面所受到的来自权力的规训和压迫,揭示多重权力网络笼罩下的"牢笼"里的个体生存困境,以及他们为建构自由空间所选择的抵抗方式——逃避,但是,单纯的空间变换并不是真正的出路,如果无法摆脱自身的局限、固有的软弱性和劣根性,那么所谓的"自由空间"无非也是一个会造成主体迷失的牢笼。
[Abstract]:Tall Jani, the first novel by Tunisian writer Shukry Mabhut, won the International Prize for Arab Fiction (Arab Booker Prize) in June 2015. The novel takes place at the end of Bourguiba's reign and the early days of Ben Ali's reign. It revolves around the political struggle and emotional adventure of the leftist young man Abdel Nasser Tall Jani, revealing the oppression of Tunisian individuals by power. The marginalized living state shows the conflict between individual free will and supreme power. It is the author's profound thinking about the plight of the national existence and the national destiny as a responsible, mission, post-60s intellectual. It is of great significance to the Arab world, where the Arab upheaval is still going on. < Tall Jani > succinct and fluent language expression, intricate scenes, interlocking plot, complicated real character, The novel narrative strategy and the profound and grand narrative theme have attracted readers deeply, and have aroused a huge response once published. The structure of the novel is complex, and the author uses a series of narrative strategies to achieve the purpose of narration. The narrative person frequently changes between the first person and the third person, and the sequence changes freely in the sequence of narration and flashback. This article grasps the relation between the content and the thought of the novel through the text careful reading, grasps the internal organization structure of the novel, clarifies the story vein, at the same time, takes Foucault's power theory as the instruction, Combined with the specific historical background and cultural context to explore the deep theme of the work. The first section of the introduction summarizes the life and works of Shukry Mabhut, combs the characters, stories and themes of the novel "Tall Jani". At the same time, the author and his works are summarized by domestic and foreign scholars. The second section is a summary of Foucault's power theory. The text is divided into three chapters. The first chapter analyzes the discipline and oppression of the characters in Tall Jani from power on the physical level. Revealing the physical "violence" suffered by individuals in society, and the "tame" state of their bodies and the struggle to build up physical freedom in such circumstances, but this struggle does not bring true physical freedom, The irrational resistance makes the individual accept the power oppress passively, but also becomes the power initiator, which undoubtedly makes the individual body fall into another kind of predicament. The second chapter analyzes the discipline and oppression of the characters in Tall Jani from power at the discourse level, and reveals the individual aphasia caused by the castration of power to the discourse. And individual efforts to fight for the right to speak freely, but discourse is not only a way of expressing demands, openly resisting, but also a way of giving orders, so, Incomplete disordering can only lead to free discourse in shackles. The third chapter analyzes the discipline and oppression of the characters from the power in the space level in Tall Jani, and reveals the individual survival dilemma in the "cage" covered by multiple power networks. And the resistance they chose to build a free space-escape, but simple spatial transformation is not the real way out. If you can't get rid of your limitations, the inherent weakness and inferiority, So the so-called "free space" is also a cage that causes the subject to lose.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I414.074

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