日本古代文学中“私”意识的形成

发布时间：2018-06-09 14:49

本文选题：日本文学 + 古代文学　；参考：《上海师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：中日两国地缘上一衣带水,文化上相互影响,对于中国来说似乎是再熟悉不过的国家。但我们应意识到虽然日本文化是在中国文化的促进下形成发展的,但日本文化与中国文化有着本质上的差别,以致在中国文化传入后选择性地走上与中国看似相同实则保有其民族性格的文化道路。本文论及的“私意识”便是其民族文学中具有代表性的思想意识,笔者将对从《古事记》到平安时期女性文学这期间的日本古代文学经典文本进行例举,并且加以和中国古代修史制度、婚姻制度、政治制度等多方面的对比研究,力图展现出私意识即日本民族式的自我意识的形成过程。本文将分成以下三部分对其进行论述:第一部分为“私”意识概念的提出,“私”这一说法由“私小说”广为人知,论述“私”意识就难以避免论述“私小说”。“私”并不是本人在本篇论文中提出的新概念,而是在日本文学领域广为大家所熟悉的一个词,或者说一个概念。其对应的中文词为“自我”,可以说“私”是“自我”的日式表达。第二部分为“私”意识的初步形成和奠定,是本文的主要论述部分。严格来说第一部记载文学作品《古事记》是在奈良时代产生的,因此本篇论文便从奈良时代开始将“私”意识的发展划分为两个阶段,但本文并不以时间为划分依据,而是以“私”意识的发展程度为划分。第一阶段即第二章,从奈良初期的第一部史书《古事记》至平安中期的日本歌论的产生,这一阶段是“私”意识的初步形成阶段。在这一时期,由于遣唐使的派遣,日本自上而下学习中国的律法、文史典籍等文化,然而基于日本本土的国情与民情,中国缘来的“公”与本土之“私”日益对立;在创立了自己的文字后,日本文学找到了尽情表述自我的道路。第二阶段即第三章是“私”意识的奠定时期,在这一时期日文文学伴随着女性作家的创作而产生,其对日后的日本文学乃至审美风格都产生了巨大影响,因此笔者主要选择了这一时期两大经典女性著作《枕草子》和《源氏物语》为代表文本进行研究,从婚恋制度、政治历史背景多方面明确了“私”意识的成熟。由于在时间上女性文学与第一阶段的和歌发展有所交叉,因此本章中对和歌就不再论及了。第三部分为“私”意识在日本国内的延续和对中国近代文学的影响。这一章分为三部分,第一部分是“私”意识在平安时期结束至明治维新之前的六百年间的蛰伏,第二部分为明治维新之后“私”意识随着西方文学的传入和日本国内政治形势压迫下的复苏,第三部分为“私”意识对于中国近代文学的影响。
[Abstract]:China and Japan, geographically and culturally, seem familiar to China. However, we should realize that although Japanese culture is formed and developed under the promotion of Chinese culture, there are essential differences between Japanese culture and Chinese culture. Therefore, after the introduction of Chinese culture, it selectively followed the cultural path of keeping its national character as if it were the same as China. The "private consciousness" discussed in this paper is the representative ideological consciousness in its national literature. The author will give an example of the classic texts of Japanese ancient literature during the period from the Ancient Story to the Women's Literature of the peaceful period. And compared with the ancient Chinese historical system, marriage system, political system and so on, the author tries to show the process of the formation of the private consciousness, that is, the self-consciousness of the Japanese national style. This article will be divided into the following three parts to discuss: the first part is the concept of "private" concept, "private" is widely known by "private novel", it is difficult to discuss "private" consciousness to discuss "private novel". "Privacy" is not a new concept proposed by me in this paper, but a word or concept widely known in the field of Japanese literature. The corresponding Chinese word is "self", which can be said to be a Japanese expression of "self". The second part is the initial formation and establishment of "private" consciousness, which is the main part of this paper. Strictly speaking, the first recorded literary work, Ancient Story, came into being in Nara's time, so this paper divides the development of "private" consciousness into two stages from Nara's time, but this paper does not take time as the basis for the division. Instead, the development of the consciousness of "private" as a division. The first stage is the second chapter, from the first historical book of Nara's early period, the Records of the Ancient things, to the emergence of Japanese Song Theory in the middle of Ping'an. This stage is the initial stage of the formation of "private" consciousness. In this period, due to the dispatch of the Tang Dynasty envoy, Japan studied Chinese law, history books and other cultures from the top down. However, due to the local national conditions and the people's feelings, the "public" and the "private" came from China were increasingly opposed to each other. After the creation of his own words, Japanese literature found a way to express itself heartily. The second stage, the third chapter, is the period of the establishment of "private" consciousness. In this period, the Japanese literature came into being with the creation of female writers, which had a great influence on the Japanese literature and even the aesthetic style in the future. Therefore, the author mainly chooses the two classic women's works of this period, "Pillowgrass" and "the Story of Genji", as the representative texts, and makes clear the maturity of "private" consciousness from various aspects of marriage and love system, political and historical background. Since women's literature intersects with the development of harmony songs in the first stage, this chapter is no longer concerned with harmony songs. The third part is the continuation of "private" consciousness in Japan and its influence on modern Chinese literature. This chapter is divided into three parts, the first part is the "private" consciousness in the end of the peace period to the Meiji Restoration before the six hundred years of dormancy, The second part is the revival of "private" consciousness after the Meiji Restoration with the introduction of western literature and the oppression of Japanese domestic political situation. The third part is the influence of "private" consciousness on Chinese modern literature.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I313.06

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