《啊，拓荒者

发布时间：2018-06-11 19:50

本文选题：薇拉·凯瑟 + 《啊　；参考：《山东师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：薇拉·凯瑟(1873-1943)是20世纪上半叶美国文坛一位杰出的女作家。她以对美国西部边疆生活的生动刻画而闻名,在美国文学史上占据重要地位。《啊,拓荒者!》是凯瑟内布拉斯加边疆系列小说的一部代表作,为她赢得了较高声誉。在这部精炼的小说中,凯瑟通过对主要人物的细致刻画及其艰苦卓绝的拓荒历程的生动描写讴歌了大无畏的拓荒精神。《啊,拓荒者!》中蕴含很多值得研究和探讨的伦理因素。本文拟在文学伦理学批评理论的基础上,通过深入挖掘小说中人与社会、人与自然、人与他人、人与自我四层关系中的伦理因素,系统地对《啊,拓荒者!》反映出的作者的伦理观进行解读,并探讨小说的伦理意义。论文共分为六部分。包括引言、四个章节以及结论。引言部分简明地介绍了作家作品的相关背景信息、论文研究意义以及国内外对《啊,拓荒者!》这部小说的研究现状。此外,该部分还对文学伦理学批评理论作了简要的介绍,为接下来的论述奠定理论基础。第一章分析了凯瑟在人与社会的关系层面求真的伦理主张。一方面,凯瑟在《啊,拓荒者!》中体现出既不满城市的冷漠又向往其先进文化的复杂情感,反映了她对当时社会的真实态度。另一方面,小说中的女主人公亚历山德拉成功建立了一个富裕有序的社区,这同时也是凯瑟心目中的理想社会的雏形,彰显了凯瑟对人与社会和谐关系的推崇。第二章探讨了人与自然的关系,反映出凯瑟在这一关系层面求美的伦理主张。小说以内布拉斯加草原为背景,蕴含丰富的自然景象,与拓荒者们的生活息息相关,这使阐释小说中人与自然的关系成为可能。凯瑟批判了老约翰对土地的蔑视以及他三个儿子对自然的掠夺,同时把亚历山德拉和艾佛塑造成自然的守护者,体现了她对人类中心主义的否定以及对与自然和谐共处的倡导。第三章主要讨论了凯瑟在人与他人的关系层面求善的伦理诉求。本章从家庭关系和爱情关系出发,对比性地分析了小说中主要人物之间错综复杂的关系,并推断出凯瑟提倡建立落脚在理性之爱、仁慈宽容以及相互理解上的良好人际关系。第四章对内在的人与自我的关系进行了系统的分析。小说的女主人公亚历山德拉经历了从排斥女性特质到回归女性自我的转变。本章通过对亚历山德拉从青年到中年的心路历程进行细致研究,揭示了凯瑟在人与自我的关系层面求圣的伦理观。结语是本文的最后一个部分。在文学伦理学理论的基础上,本文对《啊,拓荒者!》中所蕴含的反映凯瑟道德主张和伦理追求的伦理因素进行了系统的梳理,并指出了凯瑟在净化社会风气、倡导环境保护、协调人际关系以及追求自我完善等方面做出的努力,这对人文精神的构建以及和谐社会的建设具有一定的现实意义。
[Abstract]:Vera Cather was an outstanding American writer in the first half of the 20th century. She is famous for her vivid portrayal of the life of the western frontier of the United States and plays an important role in the history of American literature. < aah, Pioneer!'is a masterpiece of the Kaiser Nebraska Frontier series, which has won her a high reputation. In this refined novel, Cather eulogizes the fearless pioneering spirit through the detailed portrayal of the main characters and their painstaking pioneering course. < O Pioneer! > contains many ethical factors worthy of study and discussion. On the basis of the theory of literary ethics criticism, this paper systematically analyzes the ethical factors in the relationship between man and society, man and nature, man and others, and man and self in the novel, through the deep exploration of the ethical factors in the relationship between man and society, man and nature, man and self. "Pioneer!" reflects the author's ethics and discusses the ethical significance of the novel. The thesis is divided into six parts. It includes an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. The introduction briefly introduces the background information of the writer's works, the significance of the research and the research status of the novel "Ah, Pioneer!" at home and abroad. In addition, this part also briefly introduces the theory of literary ethics criticism, which lays a theoretical foundation for the following discussion. The first chapter analyzes Cather's ethical proposition of seeking truth in the relationship between man and society. On the one hand, in "Ah, Pioneer!", Cather embodies both dissatisfied with the apathy of the city and the complex emotion of yearning for its advanced culture, and reflects her true attitude towards the society at that time. On the other hand, Alexandra, the heroine of the novel, has successfully established a rich and orderly community, which is also the embryonic form of the ideal society in Cather's mind, which shows Cather's esteem of harmonious relationship between man and society. The second chapter discusses the relationship between man and nature, reflecting Cather's ethical proposition of seeking beauty at this level. Taking Nebraska grassland as the background, the novel contains rich natural scenes and is closely related to the life of pioneers, which makes it possible to explain the relationship between man and nature in the novel. Cather criticizes John Sr.'s contempt for the land and the pillaging of nature by his three sons, and portrays Alexandra and Ivo as guardians of nature, which embodies her negation of anthropocentrism and her advocacy of harmonious coexistence with nature. The third chapter mainly discusses the ethical appeal of Cather's seeking good in the relationship between people and others. Based on the family and love relationships, this chapter analyzes the intricate relationships among the main characters in the novel, and concludes that Cather advocates the establishment of good interpersonal relationships based on rational love, benevolence and tolerance, and mutual understanding. The fourth chapter makes a systematic analysis of the relationship between man and self. Alexandra, the heroine of the novel, experienced a transformation from female rejection to female self-return. Through the careful study of Alexandra's mental process from youth to middle age, this chapter reveals Cather's ethical view of seeking sanctity in the relation between man and self. The conclusion is the last part of this paper. On the basis of the theory of literary ethics, this paper systematically combs the ethical factors that reflect Cather's moral opinion and ethical pursuit contained in "Ah, Pioneer!" and points out that Cather is purifying social ethos and advocating environmental protection. It is of practical significance for the construction of humanistic spirit and harmonious society to coordinate interpersonal relationship and pursue self-perfection.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：I712.074

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