《上帝的玩笑》中蕾切尔生存状况的存在主义解读

发布时间：2018-06-16 08:03

本文选题：玛格丽特·劳伦斯 + 《上帝的玩笑》　；参考：《华中师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：玛格丽特·劳伦斯是加拿大文学中最为杰出的作家之一,她的文学作品,特别是马纳瓦卡系列小说,为她赢得了世界性的声誉。她的文学作品打破了加拿大文学大都以男性为中心的传统,多以女性为主角,关注女性的生存状况,把女性当作与男性一样的独立群体来看待,在加拿大文学史上竖起了一座伟大的里程碑。《上帝的玩笑》是马纳瓦卡系列小说中的第二部。自该小说问世以来,有关它的研究大都集中在写作技巧、人物形象以及女性主义主题上。本论文将跳出女性主义视角,不把重心放在该作品主人公蕾切尔的女性身份上,而把她当作一个普遍意义上的现代人,从存在主义这个全新的角度对她的生活做一个深刻的探讨。本论文以让-保罗·萨特的存在主义思想为理论基础。萨特的存在主义充满人文主义情怀,对人的生存进行了深刻的思考。从存在主义的角度来看,世界是荒诞的,人生是痛苦的,人与人之间的关系是异化的,人无时无刻不处于焦虑之中,只有通过自由选择并且承担责任,人才能决定自己的本质,达到真实的生存状态。除去引言和结论,本论文的主体可以分为三个部分。第一部分详尽地分析了蕾切尔所面临的生存困境。蕾切尔与其身边的人几乎没有任何真正意义上的沟通,她的生活充满了琐碎的、没有意义的事情,她无法从自己的存在中找到任何的意义和价值。同时,选择导致的后果也让她处于选择的焦虑之中。第二部分揭示了造成蕾切尔生存困境的原因。在闭塞的马纳瓦卡小镇,加尔文主义盛行,它的教义和信条都违背了人的本性,压制了人们寻求生命真理的热情。同时蕾切尔母亲对她的控制与压迫也在她的思想上形成了难以逃脱的枷锁。第三部分分析了蕾切尔在追求真实自我的过程中所作的自由选择、以及她的自我实现。蕾切尔爱上了尼克,但是这段爱情以失败告终。当尼克悄无声息地离开马纳瓦卡小镇,而蕾切尔腹中的胎儿被检查出来是一个肿瘤的时候,蕾切尔意识到上帝才是不守规矩的那一个,从而决定追寻真实的自我。她带着希望到温哥华去寻找新生活,终于成长为一位独立、自由且怀抱积极的人生态度的真实的人。通过对蕾切尔生活的存在主义阐释可以得知,人普遍都生活在困境中,只有通过自由选择和积极勇敢地承担责任,才能找到一种真实的生存状态。这也启发了现代人对自身的生存状态的思考。
[Abstract]:Margaret Lawrence is one of the most outstanding writers in Canadian literature. Her literary works, especially the Manawaka series, have won her a worldwide reputation. Her literary works break the tradition that most Canadian literature is male-centered, and focus on women as protagonists. She pays attention to the living conditions of women and treats women as independent groups like men. A great milestone has been erected in the history of Canadian literature. The joke of God is the second in Manawaka's series of novels. Since the publication of the novel, much of the research has focused on writing techniques, characters and feminist themes. In this thesis, we will not focus on Rachel's female identity, but regard her as a modern man in a universal sense, instead of focusing on the female identity of Rachel, the protagonist of the novel, from the perspective of feminism. From the existentialism this brand-new angle to her life to do a profound discussion. This thesis is based on the existentialism of Jean-Paul Sartre. Sartre's existentialism is full of humanism and deeply ponders the existence of human beings. From the perspective of existentialism, the world is absurd, life is painful, the relationship between people is alienated, people are always in anxiety, only through free choice and responsibility, can people determine their essence. To a true state of existence. Apart from the introduction and conclusion, the main body of this paper can be divided into three parts. The first part analyzes Rachel's survival dilemma in detail. Rachel has little real sense of communication with the people around her, her life is full of trivial, meaningless things, she can not find any meaning and value from her own existence. At the same time, the consequences of choice also put her in the anxiety of choice. The second part reveals the causes of Rachel's plight. In the closed town of Manawaka, Calvinism flourished, its teachings and creeds were contrary to human nature and suppressed people's passion for the truth of life. At the same time, Rachel's mother's control and oppression of her also formed an inescapable chain in her mind. The third part analyzes Rachel's free choice in the pursuit of her true self and her self-realization. Rachel fell in love with Nick, but the love ended in failure. When Nick quietly left Manawaka and the baby in Rachel's womb was found to be a tumor, Rachel realized that God was the unruly one and decided to pursue her true self. Looking for a new life in Vancouver, she grew into an independent, free and real person with a positive attitude towards life. Through the existentialism interpretation of Rachel's life, we can know that people generally live in a difficult situation, and only through free choice and positive and courageous responsibility can we find a real living state. This also inspired the modern people to their own living state of thinking.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I711.074

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