莱辛悲剧思想研究

发布时间：2019-01-16 07:31

【摘要】：莱辛是德国18世纪著名的美学家、剧作家和文艺评论家。由于身在德国启蒙运动的特殊时期,莱辛也是一名杰出的启蒙思想家。文艺美学思想与启蒙思想的交融碰撞促使他选择戏剧这种文学形式来表达自己的哲学观点和启蒙主张,进而开启并提升市民的觉悟,激起他们反抗封建思想的意识。莱辛清醒地意识到,要实现具有民族特色的德意志统一文化,就要建立具有德意志独立意识的民族戏剧。因此,莱辛展开了一系列的戏剧实践活动。通过戏剧实践,莱辛创立了市民悲剧并且建立了自己独特的悲剧理论,对过去僵化的悲剧创作与观念进行了批判和革新。本文以“莱辛悲剧思想”为论域,从莱辛悲剧理论的缘起、内容以及作品分析三方面入手,力图将莱辛的悲剧思想完整地呈现出来。本论文除绪论之外共包括三个部分:第一部分重点论述莱辛悲剧思想的来源。首先,从莱辛所处的启蒙运动这一时代背景出发,重点阐释启蒙思想以及理性神学观对莱辛悲剧理论得以形成的促动与浸润;其次,从莱辛个人的兴趣与禀赋出发,重点阐释莱辛对亚里士多德的悲剧理论以及莎士比亚的悲剧创作原则的继承、吸收与发展。第二部分重点论述莱辛悲剧思想的主要内容。莱辛的悲剧思想集中体现在他所创立的市民悲剧中。莱辛不仅从理论层面重新阐释了悲剧所引起的情感,而且从作品层面对悲剧事件、情节、人物、语言以及表演艺术都有全面而深刻的独到见解。莱辛的悲剧思想充分体现了现实主义悲剧的创作原则,这与他的启蒙思想密切相关。第三部分重点分析莱辛的悲剧思想在《智者纳坦》中的具体应用。该剧精密严谨的情节构思、富有个性特征的人物塑造以及人物语言、匠心独具的文本形式都是莱辛悲剧思想的具体表现。透过《智者纳坦》,我们可以清晰地看出莱辛的悲剧观及其企慕的人生理想。
[Abstract]:Lessing is a famous German esthetician, playwright and literary critic in the 18 th century. Lessing was also an outstanding enlightenment thinker during the special period of the Enlightenment in Germany. The collision between literary and artistic aesthetics and enlightenment prompted him to choose drama as a literary form to express his philosophical point of view and enlightenment, and then to open and promote the people's consciousness and arouse their consciousness of resisting feudal thought. Lessing soberly realized that in order to realize the German unified culture with national characteristics, it was necessary to establish the national drama with German independence consciousness. Therefore, Lessing launched a series of drama practice activities. Through the drama practice, Lessing founded the citizen tragedy and established his own unique tragedy theory, criticized and innovated the past rigid tragedy creation and concept. Based on the theory of Lessing's tragedy, this paper tries to present Lessing's tragic thought from three aspects: the origin, the content and the analysis of his works. In addition to the introduction, this thesis includes three parts: the first part focuses on the origin of Lessing's tragic thought. First of all, from the background of the Enlightenment Movement, Lessing focuses on the enlightenment thought and the rational theology to promote and infiltrate the Lessing tragedy theory. Secondly, from the perspective of Lessing's personal interest and endowment, the author focuses on his inheritance, absorption and development of Aristotle's theory of tragedy and Shakespeare's principles of tragic creation. The second part focuses on the main contents of Lessing's tragic thought. Lessing's tragic thought is embodied in the citizen tragedy he founded. Lessing not only reinterprets the emotion caused by tragedy from the theoretical level, but also has profound and profound views on tragic events, plot, characters, language and performing arts. Lessing's tragic thought fully embodies the principle of realistic tragedy, which is closely related to his enlightenment thought. The third part focuses on the application of Lessing's tragic thought in Natan of the Wise. The precise and precise plot conception, the character shaping and the character language, the original text form are all the concrete performance of Lessing's tragic thought. Through Natan of the Wise, we can clearly see Lessing's tragic view and his ideal of life.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：I516.073

【相似文献】