哥尔斯密《世界公民》中被挪用的中国形象

发布时间：2018-01-01 04:45

本文关键词：哥尔斯密《世界公民》中被挪用的中国形象　出处：《湘潭大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：奥利弗·哥尔斯密（Oliver Goldsmith,1730-1774）是英国18世纪最重要的作家之一，到18世纪后半期，他的名望仅次于塞缪尔·约翰逊。其散文集《世界公民（》1760-1761）是他最有名的作品之一。它采用了当时流行的书信体形式，，通过羁旅英国伦敦的中国哲学家李安济对英国社会时弊进行批判。随着比较文学形象学理论的发展，一些学者从其中国形象对散文进行了分析，而本文以文化研究中的“挪用”范畴来探讨散文集中的中国形象，进一步分析该作品对18世纪英国社会的述行效用。本文得出结论：散文集中的中国他者形象并非是对异域文化的客观描写，而是作者通过将“他山之石”理想化而达到对当时英国人以及英国社会政治、法律、道德、宗教进行批判的目的。 “挪用”在后殖民理论中是一个极其重要的概念，它通常指“移为他用”，即改变事物的本来用途，转移作其他用途，具有强烈的意识形态色彩或者颠覆自我群体价值的功能。赛义德在《东方学》中指出，东方是欧洲最深奥、最常出现的他者形象之一，西方通过挪用东方他者，有助于其将自己界定为与东方相对照的更优越的形象、观念、人性和经验。18世纪的英国内外交困，社会局势动荡，而中国社会处于耶稣传教士们笔下的和平盛世，因而英国文人志士常通过张扬理想化的中国形象来品评英国时政。本文试图分析奥利弗·哥尔斯密在散文集《世界公民》中所建构的理想化的中国形象，以及他又是如何挪用这个理想化的中国他者形象来改进英国社会的。全文共分三章。第一章分析哥尔斯密是如何挪用理想化的中国人形象的。在该散文集中，中国人被建构为兼具外在美和内在美的理想化民族，哥尔斯密通过高度赞扬中国人形象，尤其是中国人的文明开化，将其与英国人进行比照，对英国人的特质进行抨击，尤其批判了英国人的傲慢、虚伪、奢侈、荒诞行为。第二章分析哥尔斯密是如何挪用理想化的中国政法体系的。在《世界公民》中，哥尔斯密将中国建构为一个拥有开明的统治者、开明的政治制度，以及饱含人情味的法律、司法体系的理想国度。通过将理想化的中国政治制度和法律体系与当时英国社会的政法体系相比较，批判当时英国战争延绵不断、议会选举制度风气恶劣、法律体系紊乱以及司法系统不公正等社会现实。第三章分析哥尔斯密是如何挪用理想化的中国儒家文化的。中国社会道德以儒家思想为准则，遵循仁爱、孝道、礼义等儒家精神。此外，中国人以伦理代宗教，儒家文化被视为一种自然宗教，并且中国人遵循宽容的宗教信仰原则，因而从未发生过宗教战争，中国社会显现出一派和平盛世之景。哥尔斯密通过将理想化的儒家文化与英国社会道德和宗教进行对比，批判英国人道德腐败以及对待宗教信仰不虔诚等弊病。通过分析《世界公民》中的中国形象，本文得出结论：散文集《世界公民》中的中国形象是一种乌托邦的他者形象，是西方文化建构自我而挪用的一套话语，是被作者哥尔斯密挪用来质疑英国社会现实、批评时弊、以寻求启蒙之光，改造社会的工具。
[Abstract]:Oliver Cosmi (Oliver Goldsmith 1730-1774) is one of the most important writers in Britain in eighteenth Century, by the second half of the eighteenth Century, his fame after Samuel Johnson. The essays "citizens of the world (>1760-1761) is one of his most famous works. It uses the letters when popular form, through the London Chinese philosopher Li Anji criticism the British social ills. With the development of comparative literature, some scholars analyzed the China prose from the image, and the image of Chinese prose concentrated misappropriation" category in cultural studies ", further analysis of the works of the eighteenth Century British Society for the utility. This paper draws the conclusion: Prose the China image of the other is not the objective description of the exotic culture, but by the" outside the box "to achieve the ideal To criticize the British people at that time as well as in British social politics, law, morality and religion.
"Appropriation" is an important concept in the postcolonial theory, it usually refers to "move for him", originally is the use of changing things, transfer for other purposes, with strong ideology or subvert the self group value function. Saeed in < > in oriental studies pointed out that the East is the most profound in Europe, one of the most often appear in the image of the other, the west through misappropriation of Orientalism, contribute to its own definition of conception and Oriental contrast superior image, human nature and experience of the.18 century British social unrest, beset with troubles internally and externally, and society in Jesus Chinese missionaries under the pen of peace and prosperity, so Britain literati often through the image of China publicity ideal to criticize the British politics. This paper attempts to analyze the image of Oliver Cosmi in Chinese prose < > in the construction of world citizen ideal, and he It is also how to embezzled the image of the idealized Chinese other to improve the British society.
This paper consists of three chapters. The first chapter is the analysis of Coyle Simy Chinese image how appropriate ideal. In this essay, Chinese is constructed for both external and internal beauty the ideal nation, Coyle Simy highly praised by Chinese image, especially Chinese civilization civilized, with the British people compare of the British nature of the attack, especially criticized the British people's pride, hypocrisy, luxury, absurd behavior. The second chapter analyzes how Coyle Simy misappropriation of ideal China political system. In "world citizen", Dr. Smith will be constructed as a Chinese has enlightened rulers, liberal political the legal system, and full of human, ideal state judicial system. By comparing the ideal Chinese political system and legal system and the legal system of British society at that time, when criticizing the British War Continuous, election system atmosphere is bad, the legal system and judicial system disorder of unjust social reality. The third chapter analyzes how Coyle Simy misappropriation of ideal China of Confucian culture. Chinese social morality of Confucianism as the criterion, follow the benevolence, filial piety, righteousness and the spirit of Confucianism. In addition, instead of religion by ethics Chinese. Confucian culture is regarded as a natural religion, religious belief and Chinese follow the principle of tolerance, and never a religious war, China society showed a peaceful spirit of the king Coyle Simy. By comparing the ideal Confucian culture and British social morality and religion, criticized the British moral corruption and religious beliefs the ungodly and other ills.
Through the analysis of the image of China < > in the citizen of the world, this paper draws a conclusion: Essays China < > in the image of a citizen of the world is a kind of Utopia image of the other, the western culture is self construction and misappropriation of a set of words, the author was diverted to goldsmith British questioning the social reality, social criticism, in order to seek enlightenment light, the transformation of society.

【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.076

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