杜拉斯：痛苦与叙述

发布时间：2018-01-02 02:06

本文关键词：杜拉斯：痛苦与叙述　出处：《陕西师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文以法国作家杜拉斯创作中的“痛苦”这一主题为研究对象,通过具体的文本细读和理论上的批判式分析,说明“痛苦”是杜拉斯创作中具有母题性质的话题。杜拉斯通过文学、电影上的叙事革命,对个人及时代的痛苦进行细致的体察和不断的反抗。这种书写不仅体现了一名作家对时代氛围的捕捉,也具有一种与理论相辉映的高度。本文的第一章主要对“痛苦”作了一种现实根源上的追溯,从时代精神和文学艺术的发展上对杜拉斯的主要创作年代作了一种背景式的梳理。二战以来,人类进入到一个“困惑的年代”①,对人和人的存在产生了怀疑,深切地感受到了人存在于世的荒诞性。这一时期人的精神状态是怀疑、困惑、孤独却又莫名地兴奋,期待出现一点什么来改变目前的绝望状况。六十年代以来,世界范围内出现了一种发展上的“断代”,激进青年急于摆脱一切制度和形式上的束缚,追求一种不用为任何事情负责的极端自由,反抗一切既成秩序、体制和权威。这种“断代”在法国的集中体现便是六八年五月革命。六八之后,这种全民性的反抗则只保留在了知识分子的精神中,他们在文本试验中继续乌托邦革命。本文的第二章主要采用叙事学和精神分析学的方法,通过文本细读,提炼出杜拉斯创作中的独特成分：在回避中承担,在记忆与忘却中纠缠,在真实与想象中迷失。这三个方面从现实世界——精神世界——思维领域三个层次实现了一种递进式上升,深入剖析了存在于各个层面的“痛苦”现象。在面对现实世界的问题时,通过杜拉斯对战争、种族和公平正义的关注,我们尚能看到她对历史的承担勇气,痛苦虽然存在,但只存在于面对现实状况时。在对“精神世界”的论述中,笔者选取了杜拉斯创作中的一个主题——“爱情和欲望”,结合弗洛伊德的精神分析理论进行分析,说明人越是忘却,就越是记忆,在思想中体验一种记忆中的痛苦,成为更深的、更无可排解的痛苦。在对“思维领域”的论述中,笔者选取了影片《卡车》的语言作为分析对象。杜拉斯用完全非理性的方式,表达自己的政治希望,用放弃行动来表明自己的抗争。杜拉斯虽然没有自觉探索理论体系,却通过具体的文本实践书写自身与外界,并闪现出理论的意识,使得创作具有了一种与理论相辉映的高度。读者通过主观感受,可以对这些隐约的意识加以把握。本文的第三章在具体的论述中,结合第一章的时代特征分析,发现特定时代出现的某种理论氛围,再结合第二章中对具体文本的分析,探究杜拉斯的创作与理论的对话关系：通过“通过选择来建立联系”和“永远的他者”,论证了杜拉斯的“人的存在终将是孤独的”这一态度；通过杜拉斯作品中人物在精神或肉体上的出走,以及杜拉斯本人在写作方式上的“出走”来论证她对日常生活的批判态度；通过“将话语当作权力场所”,并“用小说手法实现对电影的反动”,论证了六八年之后知识分子们面对现实的无奈之举。痛苦存在于每一个时代和每一个个体的体验中,面对无法逃避的痛苦,杜拉斯采取了将反抗的阵地从现实世界转移到思维领域的行动,这种无奈的妥协和不懈的斗争,正是人存在的最大的痛苦。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the theme of the French writer Duras in the creation of the "pain" as the research object, through the criticism of text reading and theoretical analysis, that "pain" is the nature motif in Duras's creation topic. Duras through literature, film narrative revolution, detailed understanding and continuous resistance to the individual and the time of pain. This kind of writing not only reflects a writer to capture the atmosphere of the times, but also has a theory and embraced the height.
In the first chapter of "pain" as a realistic source on the back, from the spirit of the times and the development of literature and art on Duras's works mainly as a background analysis. Since the Second World War, the human being into a "confused era", the human and the human existence doubt, deeply feel the absurdity of human existence in the world. During this period, people's mental state is suspected, confused, lonely but inexplicably appear a little excited, looking forward to what to change the current hopeless situation. Since 60s, in the world there is a development of the "dating" young, eager to get rid of all the radical system and form the extreme pursuit of a free, not responsible for anything, against all existing order, system and authority. Embodies the "dating" in France is 68 years in May After the revolution. After 68, this universal resistance was retained only in the spirit of the intellectuals, and they continued the utopian revolution in the text test.
The second chapter of this paper mainly adopts the narrative and analysis method, through a close reading of the text, to extract the unique ingredients in Duras's works: take in avoidance, entanglement in memory and oblivion, lost in reality and imagination. These three aspects from the real world -- the spiritual world -- Thinking of three levels the implementation of a progressive rise, in-depth analysis of the exist at all levels of the "pain" phenomenon. In the face of real world problems, by Duras of the war, racial justice and attention, we can still see her on the history take courage, although there is pain, but only exists in the face of reality when the "spiritual world". In the paper, the author selected a "love and desire" theme in Duras's works, combined with Freud's psychoanalysis theory to analyze that the more people forget However, the more memory, experience a memory of the pain in the mind, become deeper, more can resolve pain. In the "thinking" in the paper, the author selected the film < > truck language as the object of analysis. Duras used a completely irrational way to express their political hope to show their protest to give up action.
Although Duras did not consciously explore the theoretical system, but through the practice of writing their own text and the outside world, and present a theory of consciousness, the creation of a theory and has embraced the height. The reader through the subjective feelings of these vague consciousness to grasp. The third chapter in the specific discussion, the first chapter analysis the characteristics of the times and find some specific theoretical atmosphere era, combined with the analysis of the specific text in the second chapter, explore the creation and Duras's theory of dialogue: "through to establish contact through selection and" forever other ", the argument of Duras's" human existence will be this a lonely attitude "; through the characters in the works of Duras in the home of mental or physical, and Duras himself in the way of writing the" home "to prove to her daily life The critical attitude of the intellectuals is to make the speech a power place and to use the fictional way to achieve the reactionary motion against the movie. It demonstrates the frustration of intellectuals facing the reality after 68 years.
Suffering exists in every era and experience of individuals. Facing the pain that can not be evade, Duras took the action of shifting the position of resistance from the real world to the field of thinking. This helpless compromise and unremitting struggle is the greatest pain of human existence.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I565.06

【共引文献】