无言的他者：《等待野蛮人》和《耻》中的“他者”

发布时间：2018-01-10 16:27

本文关键词：无言的他者：《等待野蛮人》和《耻》中的“他者”　出处：《辽宁师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：约翰·麦克斯韦尔·库切（John Maxwell Coetzee）是南非著名的白人小说家，2003年度诺贝尔文学奖获得者。由于特殊的成长背景和多年在外的游学经历，库切对待黑人与白人，自我与他者的二元对立关系有着更深层次的理解。《等待野蛮人》和《耻》是库切最具有影响力的两部作品，前者是第一部为他带来国际声望的作品，而后者帮库切赢得了诺贝尔文学奖从而奠定了他在国际文坛上不可动摇的地位。作为库切的两部寓言式作品，，《等待野蛮人》讲述了一段虚拟帝国对游牧民族部落发动战争的虚拟历史，描述了殖民者侵略南非的历史,具有普遍意义。而《耻》发生的背景却设立在黑人当家作主，种族隔离制废除的当今南非。《耻》似乎描写的是爱欲与道德以及黑人对白人的报复与折磨，实际上这部小说想传递的信息确是：当今社会我们不可忽视的一个现象——黑人地位升高，白人殖民者主子身份消失，白人必须用自己遭受的痛苦偿还昔日的殖民恶行。《等待野蛮人》和《耻》在对他者化的描写上形成了一种关照，具有巨大的张力。笔者把这两部小说的他者问题进行研究探讨，从而能在宏观上对两个不同时期的他者问题进行整体的窥探和把握。文本运用了后殖民主义的“他者”理论并结合两部小说的情节进行分析“他者化”是如何在两部小说中构建的。全文一共分为五章：第一章介绍库切的生平和他的主要作品，《等待野蛮人》和《耻》这两部小说的历史背景，及国内外研究情况。第二章是理论基础。首先进行自我与他者的概念认定。其次阐述殖民主义时期化的构建他者形式，如何确立他者身份以及后殖民主义历史时期特有的构建他者方式：模仿和驱逐。第三章重点分析在殖民语境下《等待野蛮人》这部小说中的他者建构以及实施他者化的结果。第四章阐述了在后殖民语境下，小说《耻》中的他者形象建构以及结果。第五章是结论部分，总结本论文以及通过分析两部小说的他者形象建构作者得到的启示：每个人在别人眼中都不可避免的成为“他者”，我们应该用包容的心态看待“他者文化”，接纳“他者文化”只有这样种族冲突才可大为减少，人类互相理解，和谐共处的时代才能到来。
[Abstract]:John Maxwell Kuche (John Maxwell Coetzee) is a famous South African white novelist, the 2003 Nobel prize for literature. Because of the special background and years in the travel experience, Coetzee treat blacks and whites, two yuan between self and other relations have a deeper understanding of waiting for the barbarians. < > and < >. Is his two most influential works, the former is the first to bring international prestige for his works, which helped Coetzee won the Nobel prize for literature which laid the foundation of his unshakable in the international literary world position. As the two fable works, Coetzee's waiting for the barbarians, "tells the story of a virtual history. A virtual empire war against nomadic tribes, colonists described the history of South Africa, has universal significance. While the background is < >. Set up in the black race in power. The abolition of the apartheid system in South Africa today. "> is the description of the revenge and torture to lust and morality and black on white, in fact, this novel message is: the increase in today's society a phenomenon we can not ignore the status of black - white settlers, a white master disappeared, must use their own suffering the pain to repay the former colonial evil waiting for the barbarians. < > and < >. On the description of Otherization forms a kind of care, with great tension. The author studied the problem of the other of the two novels, in order to make the whole snooping and grasp of the two different periods of the other problems in the macro.
The text uses the postcolonial theory of "the other" and combined with the two book of "otherness" is how to build in the two novels. The paper is divided into five chapters: the first chapter introduces the life and his major works of Coetzee's two novel, waiting for the barbarians "and". According to the historical background and research situation at home and abroad. The second chapter is the theoretical basis. Firstly, the concept of self and others identified. Secondly, the colonial period of the construction of other form, how to establish the period of otherness and postcolonial history of the unique construction of his way: imitation and expulsion. The third chapter focuses on the analysis of the colonial in the context of "waiting for the barbarians" in the novel "s construction and the implementation of other results. The fourth chapter expounds in the post colonial context, the image of the other novel < > in the construction. And the fifth chapter is the result. The conclusion part summarizes this thesis, and the construction of the author get the enlightenment through the analysis of two novels of the Otherness: everyone is inevitable in the eyes of others as "the other", we should think of "other culture" with a tolerant attitude, acceptance of "other culture" only in this way can greatly reduce the racial conflict, human understanding the arrival of the era of harmonious coexistence, can.

【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I478.074

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