康拉德《黑暗之心》中病态书写研究

发布时间：2018-01-21 17:23

本文关键词： 约瑟夫·康拉德《黑暗之心》病态书写　出处：《西南大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：《黑暗之心》作为世界文学史上的一朵盛开的花蕾,它独树一帜的叙事手法让无数读者及学者为之着迷。本论文主要研究它的病态叙事,正是这种病态造成了一种冲突和张力,推动故事发展,赋予小说强大的感染力和生命力。首先,整部小说中蕴含着不同形式的病态特征,表现为人物性格或行为偏执诡异,进一步体现在身体疾病或心理障碍,最终在这两者的双重压力下不堪重负,行为失控,心理负荷过重,命运悲惨。他们中有的人格偏执,对周围环境充满敌对感和不信任感,敏感多疑紧张不安；有的人格分裂,性格孤僻,与世隔绝,沉溺于幻想,缺乏强烈或生动的情感；有的人格自恋,有强烈的嫉妒心,自高自大,缺乏同情心,对成功、权利、金钱、荣誉抱有非分的幻想；有的人格依赖,对归属有过分的,盲目的,甚至非理性的渴求。其次,该部小说的叙事主要呈现为碎片化、分散化和不可靠性等病态特征。在小说中,康拉德精心地塑造了两个叙事者,并以不同视角之间的时空转换促使产生相应的对抗和矛盾；而对抗与矛盾又进一步地拉近了两者之间的关系,使得内外叙述者存在相互的牵制、平衡、统一,增加了小说的趣味性和可信度,也为读者留下更多想象与思考的空间。总之,该部小说从整体上呈现出一种病态的、不健康的特征。在整部小说中没有任何一个人表现是正常的,他们要么身体存在疾病困扰,要么行为举止怪异荒诞,要么精神层面出现失常或偏执,要么有着走向毁灭性结局的趋向。从叙事角度上,多个叙事者运用不可靠的叙述内容使小说表现为支离破碎的结构,但实际上包含着既残缺又互补的叙事特征。并且从背景的设置上,主要以大海和丛林为主的自然环境,进而使得小说充满了神秘未知的恐惧感。这些视角的探索研究都是为了小说主题而服务的,即揭露人性的阴暗面,并进一步对殖民掠夺提出质疑,引发读者的深思。《黑暗之心》的价值在于它不拘泥于一种理解,它兼容并蓄,容纳百川；同时马洛的叙事也给读者提供了一种更广阔的空间。
[Abstract]:Heart of Darkness as a blooming flower bud in the history of world literature, its unique narrative technique has fascinated countless readers and scholars. It is this pathological cause of a conflict and tension, promote the development of the story, give the novel powerful appeal and vitality. First, the whole novel contains different forms of pathological characteristics. It shows that the character or behavior is paranoid and creepy, which is further reflected in the physical disease or psychological obstacle, and finally under the double pressure of the two, the behavior is out of control and the psychological load is too heavy. Fate is tragic. Some of them are paranoid, hostile to their surroundings and distrust, sensitive, paranoid and nervous; Some personality split, personality isolated, isolated, indulged in fantasy, lack of strong or vivid feelings; Some personality narcissism, have strong jealousy, arrogant, lack of compassion, to success, power, money, honor have the fantasy; Some people depend on personality, have excessive, blind, even irrational desire for attribution. Secondly, the narrative of the novel mainly presents the pathological characteristics of fragmentation, decentralization and unreliability in the novel. Conrad meticulously molded the two narrators and made the corresponding confrontation and contradiction come into being by the space-time transformation between different perspectives. The confrontation and contradiction further draw closer the relationship between the two, which makes the internal and external narrator contain, balance and unify each other, and increase the interest and credibility of the novel. It also leaves more room for readers to imagine and think. In a word, the novel presents a sick and unhealthy feature on the whole. No one is normal in the whole novel. They either have physical ailments, or they behave strangely and absurdly, or they have mental disorders or bigotry, or they tend to end up in a destructive way. From a narrative point of view. Many narrators use unreliable narrative content to make the novel appear as a fragmented structure, but in fact contains both incomplete and complementary narrative characteristics, and from the setting of the background. The natural environment, which is mainly composed of sea and jungle, makes the novel full of mysterious and unknown fear. The exploration and research of these perspectives serve for the theme of the novel, that is, to expose the dark side of human nature. The value of "Heart of Darkness" is that it does not cling to one kind of understanding, it is inclusive and accommodates all rivers; At the same time, Marlowe's narration also provides a broader space for readers.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I561.074

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