《瓦解》：一种生态批评的解读

发布时间：2018-02-26 17:22

本文关键词： 钦努阿·阿契贝《瓦解》生态　出处：《华侨大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：钦努阿·阿契贝（ChinuaAchebe，1930-）是尼日利亚及至非洲最著名的作家之一，被誉为现代非洲文学之父。他文笔恳切深沉，反映非洲社会与殖民地政治的现实，代表作品主要是以尼日利亚伊博人民独立前后生活为题材的“尼日利亚四部曲”。其中第一部小说《瓦解》（Things Fall Apart)是对约瑟夫·康拉德(Joseph Conrad)的《黑暗的心》(Heart of Darkness)的有力回应。阿契贝笔下的非洲不仅拥有自己的语言，还有独特的信仰和传统文化。大多数的评论者都是在政治的框架下，从后殖民批评的视角解读《瓦解》，但小说里有关伊博族风土人情的描写却一直没有受到重视。生态批评理论是一种新兴的批评理论,最初是研究人与自然的关系，后来进一步发展为关注社会生态及人的精神生态。在生态批评理论视阈下，本论文将聚焦小说中关于自然和人的描写，使读者对这部小说有一个崭新的认识。在《瓦解》这部小说中，阿契贝通过描写当地人的信仰——泛灵论，对自然的态度，选拔人才的方式以及司法制度，向读者展现了一个原始的生态社会。此外，通过展现当地人代代相传的饱含生活智慧的谚语和寓言故事进一步论证了伊博族积极向上、丰富多彩的精神世界。通过对比的手法，，阿契贝向我们展现了欧洲殖民者入侵非洲后伊博族发生的巨大变化。在人类中心主义和物质享乐主义的冲击下，伊博族出现了不平等和腐败的现象。部落不再团结一致而是分成了两派，相互斗争。当地人开始学习新的语言甚至摒弃了自己的信仰和文化。民族英雄奥孔克沃的死象征着伊博族最终的瓦解。在小说中，阿契贝客观地呈现伊博族和欧洲殖民者的局限性并表达了他的生态关怀。从生态批评的视角解读这部小说，我们可以更清醒地看到，在当今日益恶化的生态危机和生存危机中，人与自然和谐共处，人与人之间平等共存，以及保护文化多样性是何等的重要。
[Abstract]:Chinua Achebei (1930-1930) is one of the most famous writers in Nigeria and even in Africa. He is known as the father of modern African literature. He writes in earnest and reflects the realities of African society and colonial politics. The representative works are mainly "the Nigerian Tetralogy" about the life of the people of Ibo before and after independence. The first novel, "things Fall the party", is about Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness. Achebe wrote Africa not only has its own language, There are also unique beliefs and traditional cultures. Most commentators interpret disintegration from the perspective of post-colonial criticism under the framework of politics, but the description of the local customs of the Igbo people in the novel has never been taken seriously. The ecological criticism theory is a new critical theory. The first is to study the relationship between man and nature, then to pay more attention to social ecology and man's spiritual ecology. From the perspective of ecological criticism theory, this thesis will focus on the description of nature and man in the novel. Give readers a new understanding of the novel. In disintegrate, Achebe presents a primitive ecological society to the reader by describing the belief of the natives, animism, attitudes to nature, the way talent is selected, and the judicial system. It further demonstrates the positive and colorful spiritual world of the Igbo people through the display of proverbs and fables of wisdom of life passed down from generation to generation. Achebe shows us the great changes that have taken place in the Igbo after the European colonists invaded Africa. Under the impact of anthropocentrism and material hedonism, There is inequality and corruption among the Igbo. The tribe is no longer United but divided into two factions. The local people began to learn new languages and even abandoned their beliefs and cultures. The death of the national hero Okonkavo symbolized the eventual disintegration of the Igbo people. In the novel, Achibe objectively presents the limitations of the Igbo and European colonists and expresses his ecological concern. Reading this novel from the perspective of ecological criticism, we can see more soberly that in the worsening ecological crisis and survival crisis, man and nature coexist in harmony, and people coexist on an equal footing. And how important it is to protect cultural diversity.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I437.074

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