认知语用视角下《汤姆叔叔的小屋》的话语分析

发布时间：2018-02-26 19:23

本文关键词： 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》话语分析认知-语用方法话轮转换对话人物性格　出处：《湖南师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：话语分析是现代语言学的一个新分支,并且在语言研究中发挥着越来越重要的作用。它汲取了其他学科的研究成果,成为一门专门研究语言使用的跨学科科学。随着话语分析的兴起,对文学话语,尤其是文学文本中对话话语的研究引起了人们的很大兴趣。小说是文学的一种形式,小说中大量的人物对话对推动小说故事情节的发展,反映小说人物的性格特点,深化小说主题都有一定帮助。许多学者将话语分析理论成功地运用到对小说人物关系和人物性格特点的分析中,并且取得了丰富的成果。《汤姆叔叔的小屋》是美国小说家哈丽叶·比彻尔·斯托夫人的代表作。这部小说揭露了奴隶制度的黑暗,显示了女性的力量。它对美国历史产生直接和深远的影响,并导致了内战的爆发。这部小说获得如此大的成功很大程度上是由于斯托夫人的人物刻画。许多学者从文学的角度探索了斯托夫人的人物刻画,但很少有人从语言学的角度对其进行分析研究。本文采用话语分析理论探讨人物对话如何反映小说人物的性格特征。本文收集了该小说中所有的人物的所有对话,对这些对话中的一些话语现象进行数据统计,比如话轮个数、话轮长度、打断、独白、沉默、句子类型、话语标记词、非语言特征等,得出该小说中对话话语的话语特征,然后采用会话分析理论和关联理论对选取的实例进行详细的认知-语用分析。通过对人物对话的话轮转换分析,本文发现性格上强势的人物采用更长的话轮,史多次话轮,打断,控制话题；性格上弱势的人物通常话轮更短,话轮次数史少,并且如果他们试图转变话题,通常以火败告终。本研究最重要的发现是,该小说中女性人物在跨性别对话中通常占主导地位,体现了小说的女性主义主题。然后,本文采用关联理论从认知语用角度分析对话,以此展示人物的内心世界,使得该小说的人物刻画得以进一步呈现。小说人物话语的生成和理解受关联的引导。人物的内心活动、人物所选择以明示的语言形式或非语言形式以及人物理解对方语言形式或非语言形式的方式,都体现了人物的不同性格特征。本研究为理解《汤姆叔叔的小屋》提供了一个新的视角,同时也阐明了对话和人物刻画之间的关系。
[Abstract]:Discourse analysis is a new branch of modern linguistics and plays an increasingly important role in language research. With the rise of discourse analysis, the study of literary discourse, especially the dialogue discourse in literary texts, has aroused great interest. Fiction is a form of literature. It is helpful to reflect the character characteristics of the characters and deepen the theme of the novel. Many scholars have successfully applied the discourse analysis theory to the analysis of the relationship and character characteristics of the characters in the novel, and have made a lot of achievements. Uncle Tom's Cabin is the masterpiece of the American novelist Mrs. Haley Beachell Sto.This novel reveals the darkness of slavery and the power of women. It has a direct and profound impact on American history. And led to the outbreak of the Civil War. The novel was such a success largely due to the portrayal of Mrs. Stowe. Many scholars have explored the portrayal of Mrs. Stokes from the literary point of view, but few have analyzed her from the perspective of linguistics. This paper uses discourse analysis theory to explore how character dialogue reflects the character characteristics of the characters in the novel. This paper collects all the dialogues of all the characters in the novel, and makes statistics on some discourse phenomena in these dialogues. Such as the number of rounds, length of turn, interruption, monologue, silence, sentence type, discourse markers, non-linguistic features and so on. Then we use conversational analysis theory and relevance theory to analyze the selected examples in detail. Based on the analysis of the turn-changing of the characters, this paper finds that the strong-character characters use longer rounds, many times, interrupt and control the topic, and the characters who are weak in character usually have shorter turns and fewer times of turn. The most important finding of this study is that the female characters in the novel usually dominate the transgender dialogue and embody the feminist theme of the novel. Then, relevance theory is used to analyze the dialogue from the perspective of cognitive pragmatics in order to show the inner world of the characters. So that the characters of the novel are further represented. The generation and understanding of the discourse of the characters in the novel are guided by the relevance, and the inner activities of the characters, The characters choose to express the language form or non-language form, and the characters understand the other language form or the non-language form, all reflect the different character characteristics of the character. This study provides a new perspective for understanding Uncle Tom's Cabin and illustrates the relationship between dialogue and characterization.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H313;I712.074

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