《我知道笼中鸟为何歌唱》：黑人女孩的自我救赎

发布时间：2018-02-27 23:16

本文关键词： 黑人女孩牢笼救赎精神自由生存策略　出处：《华中师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：玛雅安吉洛是当代美国最具名气和影响力的黑人女性作家之一,在她的自传中,她表达了对种族问题的深切思考和对黑人女性生存状况的密切关注。通过熟练的语言运用和不同的写作技巧,安吉洛描写了男权和白人主导的社会中女性的生活。在她的作品中,女性不再是双重压迫下顺从的孕育者的刻板形象,相反她们独立而坚强,拥有自身的价值和正能量。《我知道笼中鸟为何歌唱》是安吉洛的第一部也是最成功的一部自传,它讲述了安吉洛从童年到十七岁之间的经历,揭示了在种族主义和男权压迫下一个黑人小女孩是如何打破束缚寻找救赎和自由的。当前国内外关于这部作品的研究主要集中于体裁、主题、写作技巧和人物解读等方面,国内也有一些研究运用文学批评理论诸如女性主义和心理分析来解读这部作品,但是却很少有人把黑人小女孩单独作为一个特殊群体来探讨他们的救赎之路。尽管他们的救赎与一般的成年黑人妇女有相似的地方,却是又不尽相同。如果说成年妇女作为男性的对立面,拥有部分话语权,尚可以与男性一争,他们的救赎也往往是基于这一社会地位的,而黑人女孩却无任何话语权,她们不得不通过不断地探索自己的身份和社会角色来构建自己的主体性。黑人女孩作为未成年人,面临更多的障碍,却具有更强的可塑性。身处种族歧视之中,玛雅从小便目睹和经历了黑人种族的悲惨遭遇,他们无法享受公平的教育和就业权利,人格受到侮辱和歧视,活在白人社会的最底层。而作为一名女性,她被自己母亲的男朋友强暴,一度无法走出阴影,成为父权社会的受害者。在种族和性别歧视的双重压迫下,玛雅对自己的身份感到困惑,丧失了自我的主体性。为了生存,她开始走上自我救赎之路,寻找自我,构建自我的主体性。作为一个社会性的人,她首先要走出自我封闭的世界融入到社会集体中,意识在自身存在的独特性和价值；作为一个黑人,她从抵制自己的黑人身份到反抗种族主义,获得民族自豪感,逐渐找到了种族身份认同；作为一个女性,她找到了女性自我,成功地蜕变成一位年轻的母亲。最终,她实现了自我救赎,打破了现实牢笼的束缚。尽管这种打破束缚在很多程度上是精神层面的,却也是黑人传统的一种生存策略。在艰难的追求自由之路上,精神自由是一种权宜之策,也是一种前进的动力,不断地促进物质世界的解放。玛雅的救赎向我们表明,作为一个黑人小女孩,一个最弱的社会群体,在严酷的社会环境中她依然可以积极而坚强地面对生活找到出路,她甚至拥有比成年女性或者男性同胞更强大的力量。我们可以发现玛雅安吉洛的救赎之路是成功而有意义的,启发了更多像她那样身陷困境的年轻人去寻找自己的救赎。
[Abstract]:In her autobiography, Maya Angelo is one of the most famous and influential black female writers in contemporary America. She expressed her deep thinking about race and her close attention to the living conditions of black women. Angelo describes the lives of women in a male-dominated and white-dominated society. In her work, women are no longer stereotyped as surrogate breeders under double oppression, but are independent and strong. Having its own value and positive energy. "I know why Cage Birds sing" is Angelo's first and most successful autobiography, which tells of Angelo's experiences from childhood to the age of 17. This paper reveals how a little black girl under the oppression of racism and patriarchy breaks the shackles in search of redemption and freedom. The current domestic and foreign studies on this work are mainly focused on genre, theme, writing skills and interpretation of characters, etc. There are also some studies in China that use literary criticism theories such as feminism and psychoanalysis to interpret this work. But few people talk about the path to redemption of black girls alone as a special group, although their salvation is similar to that of the average adult black woman. But it's different. If adult women, as the opposite of men, have part of their voice, they can compete with men, and their salvation is often based on that social status, and black girls don't have any say. They have to construct their own subjectivity by constantly exploring their identity and social roles. Black girls, as minors, face more obstacles but have more plasticity. Maya grew up to witness and experience the tragic experiences of the black race, who did not enjoy fair education and employment rights, were stigmatized and discriminated against, lived at the bottom of white society, and as a woman, Raped by her mother's boyfriend, she was once unable to get out of the shadow and become a victim of patriarchal society. Under the dual oppression of race and sexism, Maya was confused about her identity and lost her own subjectivity. As a social person, she should first step out of the self-closed world and melt into the social collective, and realize the uniqueness and value of her own existence. As a black woman, she gradually found her racial identity from resisting her black identity to resisting racism, and as a woman, she found herself. She succeeded in becoming a young mother. In the end, she redeemed herself and broke the shackles of reality, though in many ways it was spiritual. But it is also a survival strategy of black tradition. On the hard road to freedom, spiritual freedom is an expedient policy and a driving force to move forward, constantly promoting the emancipation of the material world. Maya's salvation shows us that, As a little black girl, the weakest social group, she can still find a way out of life in the harsh social environment. She has even more power than her adult female or male countrymen. We can see that Maya Angelo's path to redemption is successful and meaningful, inspiring more troubled young people like her to find their own salvation.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I712.075

【参考文献】