布罗茨基诗歌的艺术世界

发布时间：2018-03-07 12:12

本文选题：布罗茨基　切入点：诗歌　出处：《辽宁师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：约瑟夫·布罗茨基（1940-1996）是俄罗斯著名诗人、散文家、短评家和翻译家，被视为20世纪后半期最杰出的俄语诗人，当代的普希金。“由于包容一切的、以思想的鲜明和诗的强度而见长的文学活动”，年仅47岁的俄裔美籍诗人布罗茨基于1987年获得诺贝尔文学奖。“在20世纪的近几十年间，在各种声名狼藉的意识形态遇到危机的时期，当各种绝对精神和永恒审美价值遭到怀疑的时候，布罗茨基书写了善与恶，真与假，美与丑的斗争。” 布罗茨基一生跌宕起伏，自动退学、浪迹人间、遭遇审判与流放、朋友的背叛、爱情的失意、最终被迫远离亲人和故土再也无法回归，“生活如此的难以预料，，如此的荒诞，很难把它转化为叙事。唯一与生活相对应的文学形式，就是永远多义的，充满暗示的抒情诗。”在将近40年的写作生涯，布罗茨基笔耕不辍，共写下了近千首抒情诗、百余万字的各类散文和许多其他题材的作品，被世人所称道的作品集有《长短诗集》（1965），《荒野中的停留》（1970），《美好时代的终结》（1977），《罗马哀歌》（1982），《献给奥古斯都的新章》（1983），《小于一》（1986），《悲伤与理智》（1995）。在布罗茨基短暂的56载生命历程里，他给后人留下了一笔丰富的文学和文化遗产。基于对不同时代、不同语种和不同大师的诗歌遗产的融会贯通，对文化、对诗歌所怀有的近乎偶像崇拜式的虔诚感情，布罗茨基成为20世纪最杰出的诗人之一。国内外，有许多致力于布罗茨基诗歌创作研究的专家学者，他们撰写了大量有价值的评论文章、学术论文以及研究专著。但在国内，基于布罗茨基诗歌的艺术世界比较明确清晰的概括与提炼性文论还为数较少，本论文的目的在于用简洁明了的论述性语言，从微观到宏观，从肉体到灵魂，从抽象到具体，从哲学到诗学，从纵向到横向来探讨布罗茨基诗歌的艺术世界，还原一个卸去诺贝尔奖光环笼罩的真实的布罗茨基，拉近我们与作家的距离，让更多的人可以接触以及感受到布罗茨基诗歌的美与善，爱与真。本论文共分为五个部分。前言部分简述布罗茨基在俄国诗坛上的地位，布罗茨基研究的历史以及国内外学术界对布罗茨基诗歌的研究现状，提出本文的学术价值。第一章：布罗茨基与诗歌艺术。本章共分为两小节。1）布罗茨基的诗意人生。本节主要从布罗茨基坎坷动荡的人生体验入手，对诗人的生平进行纵向梳理，解答布罗茨基用诗歌来表达喷薄情怀的缘由，展现诗人的人生体验与其创作相辅相成，相互映照的关系。2）布罗茨基的诗歌理念。布罗茨基不仅是一位诗歌创作者，更是一位诗歌理论家，这一节通过诗人本人对诗歌的理解，展现布罗茨基的诗学理念，为解答布罗茨基何以构建恢弘的诗歌帝国提供了有力佐证。第二章：布罗茨基诗歌的主题倾向。本章共分为三小节。1）死亡。布罗茨基的诗歌中经常会出现死亡意象，对生命结局有着理性的思考。无论是描写引起死亡的疾病与衰老，还是死后上天堂或下地狱的两处归属，都呈现出布罗茨基想要通过创作超越生死的情感愿景。2）时间。布罗茨基用诗歌语言探讨存在的意义，用诗人特有的敏感捕捉时间流逝的每一个瞬间，就算“全是谎言是谬论”，就算生命短暂充满虚无，诗人也要与时间抗争，获得意义与泰然。3）爱。布罗茨基对这世界有着深沉的爱与眷恋。他曾说过：“任何一首诗，无论其主题如何——本身就是一个爱的举动，这与其说是作者对其主题的爱，不如说是语言对现实的爱。”他用写诗这一爱的举动书写狭义上的小爱与广义上的大爱。第三章：布罗茨基诗歌的艺术特性。本章分为五小节。1）传统性。布罗茨基将诗歌看作是“语言的最高形式”“最佳词语的最佳排列”，他对诗歌传统充满敬意。对俄国白银时代的诗歌传统，对阿赫玛托娃、曼德里施塔姆、茨维塔耶娃等人诗歌遗产的继承与发展是他诗歌的一大重要特征。2）象征性。布罗茨基的诗歌复杂多变，象征性隐喻无处不在，在他诗歌风格形成过程中，他对波兰诗歌的了解是一件至关重要的事情，而波兰诗歌中有一个强大的巴洛克时期，这种作为世界观体系的巴洛克风格促使布罗茨基诗歌象征意味更加浓厚与显著。3）悲剧性。布罗茨基的诗歌具有浓重的悲剧性，但这种悲剧韵味并不等同于悲观。他对生命有着深刻的体会，对生命的大悲悯和对人类文明的大眷恋在他诗中得以展现。4）哲理性。在布罗茨基的诗歌中有许多智性的哲理语言，比如“爱是离别的序言”，“人俯视生命有如夜观察灯火一盏。”“所有人在棺材里都将一模一样，那就让我们在生前彼此不同”等，布罗茨基以哲学家的眼光洞察世事，让诗歌充满神性与灵性。5）音乐性。布罗茨基深受玄学的“诗句音乐”影响，他的诗歌通过语音和韵律得到了恰如其分的表达，他用五音步抑扬格让诗歌像音乐般发出声响，朗朗上口，曲折婉转。结束语部分简述了布罗茨基诗歌的艺术理念和创作风格在俄罗斯文学史上的意义，以及布罗茨基诗歌在当今社会的现实意义。论文后附有参考文献以便查证。
[Abstract]:Joseph Brotskiy (1940-1996) is a famous Russian poet, essayist, a writer and translator, is regarded as the most outstanding Russian poet in the second half of twentieth Century, the contemporary Pushkin. "As all inclusive, with the thought and distinctive poetry and has the strength of literary activities, only 47 year old Russian American poet Broc in 1987 won the Nobel prize for literature in twentieth Century. Based on" the crisis in recent decades, a variety of notorious ideology period, when all kinds of absolute spirit and eternal aesthetic value under suspicion, Brodsky writing of good and evil, true and false, beauty and ugliness of the struggle "
Bbu Lhotzky's life of ups and downs, quit, on earth, encounter justice and exile, friend's betrayal, frustrated love, eventually forced away from relatives and never return to their homeland, "life is so absurd, There's no telling, it is difficult to put it into a narrative. The only corresponding to the life form of literature, is forever polysemous, suggestive lyrics." after nearly 40 years of writing career, Bbu Lhotzky writes, CO wrote thousands of lyric poem, more than 100 million characters of all kinds of prose and many other works, is the world known works have short poems (1965) > < > < wilderness, stay in (1970), "good times end > (1977), Rome (1982) < >, < elegy for Augustus Xinzhang (1983), < > > (1986), less than a" sad and sensible > (1995). In 56 years of life course Brodsky short, he gave the later generations A rich literary and cultural heritage. Based on the integration of poetic heritage of different times, different languages and different masters, and the close idolatry piety of poetry and culture, Bbu Lhotzky became one of the most outstanding poets in the twentieth Century.
At home and abroad, many scholars dedicated to the study of Bbu Lhotzky's poetry creation, they wrote many valuable comments, academic papers and monographs. But in China, based on the Bbu Lhotzky poetry world more clearly summarize and refine the theory for a small number, the purpose of this paper is to use concise this language, from micro to macro, from body to soul, from abstract to concrete, from philosophy to poetry, to explore Bbu Lhotzky's artistic world from vertical to horizontal, a reduction from the Nobel prize aura true Brodsky, and writer of the distance between us, so that more people can contact and the feel of Bbu Lhotzky's Poetry beauty and goodness, love and truth.
This paper is divided into five parts. The preface briefly states status of Bbu Lhotzky in Russian poetry, the present situation of the research on the poetry of Bbu Lhotzky Brodsky research history and academic circles at home and abroad, the academic value of this article.
The first chapter: Bbu Lhotzky and the art of poetry. This chapter is divided into two sections.1) poetic life Bbu Lhotzky. This section is mainly from the rough life experience of Bbu Lhotzky turbulence, the poet's life were longitudinal combs, Bbu Lhotzky answers with the poetry to express feelings by gushing, show the poet's life experience and the creation of complementary.2 the relationship between the mutual reflection of Bbu Lhotzky's Poetry) philosophy. Bbu Lhotzky is not only a poem, is a poetry theorist, this section by the poet himself to understand poetry, to show Bbu Lhotzky's poetics, to answer why Bbu Lhotzky construct the grand imperial poetry provides strong evidence.
The second chapter: the theme of Bbu Lhotzky's poetry tendency. This chapter is divided into three sections.1) death. Death Imagery often Brodsky's poetry, has a rational thinking on life ending. Whether it is caused by disease and death description, two belong to or after the death of heaven or hell, all Bbu Lhotzky wants to show through the creation of emotional vision beyond life and death.2). Brodsky in poetic language to explore the meaning of existence, every moment with the poet's unique time sensitive capture, even if "all lies fallacy", even if it's a short life full of nothingness, the poet will struggle with time, and get the meaning Terra.3) with love. Brodsky and love deep in the world. He said: "any poem, regardless of the theme: how is itself an act of love, it is for the Lord The love of the question is better than the love of the language to the reality. "He writes the narrow love and the broad sense of love in the narrow sense with the love of writing poetry.
The third chapter: the artistic characteristics of Bbu Lhotzky's poetry. This chapter is divided into five sections..1) the traditional poetry Brodsky as "the highest form of language" and "the best words in the best order, he is full of respect for the tradition of poetry. The silver age of Russian poetry tradition of Akhmatova, Mandelli Stamm, the inheritance and development of Cvetayeva the heritage of his poetry poetry, one of the most important features of.2) symbolic. Brodsky's poetry is complex and changeable, symbolic metaphor is pervasive, in his poetic style during the formation of his understanding of Poland poetry is a very important thing, Poland poetry has a strong Baroque period, such as the world outlook of the baroque style prompted Bbu Lhotzky poetry symbolism more strong and significant.3) tragedy. Brodsky's poetry has a strong tragic, but this A tragedy charm is not equal to the pessimistic. He has a deep understanding of life, the life of great compassion of human civilization and great attachment to show.4 in his poem) philosophy. The philosophy of language of many wisdom in Bbu Lhotzky's poems, such as "love is the parting of the preface", "people life is like the night lights up to observe a lamp." "all the people in the coffin will let us as like as two peas, was different from each other," Brodsky to the philosopher's eyes insight into the world, let poetry is full of divinity and spiritual music.5). Brodsky influenced by metaphysics "music poem" impact his poetry has been through the sound and rhythm to a proper extent expression, he used to force the iambic pentameter poetry like musical sound, catchy, mildly tortuous.
The concluding part briefly describes the significance and artistic significance of Bbu Lhotzky's poetry in the history of Russian literature, and the realistic significance of Bbu Lhotzky's poetry in today's society.
The papers are attached with references to verify.

【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I512.072

【共引文献】