基督教人文主义者—探究马洛眼中的基督教和上帝

发布时间：2018-03-24 20:35

本文选题：基督教人文主义　切入点：宗教纷争　出处：《上海外国语大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：克利斯托弗·马洛是莎士比亚出现之前英国最重要的剧作家,被称为"英国悲剧之父"。终其一生,他都与基督教有着千丝万缕的联系,而他的戏剧亦大多以基督教和宗教纷争为素材。在同代人的眼中,他是狂放不羁,特立独行的无神论者,然而,几百年过去了,人们对他的看法却渐渐发生了改变,众说纷纭,莫衷一是。那么他到底是一个传统的基督徒还是一个反叛的无神论者呢？本文通过文本分析的方法,研究了马洛最重要的四部戏剧（《马耳他的犹太人》、《浮士德博士的悲剧》、《帖木儿》和《巴黎大屠杀》）中对基督教、基督徒以及宗教纷争的描写以及在剧中发挥了巨大作用的相关戏剧手法。在《马耳他的犹太人》中,马洛极尽讽刺之能事,猛烈地抨击了基督徒的堕落腐化,颇有怒其不争之意。然而,基督教本身却并非他批判的对象。他仍是基督教坚定的支持者,认为它是世间唯一的正教,无论是犹太教和伊斯兰教都不能与之相比。这一点在《马耳他的犹太人》和《帖木儿》系列中都得到了充分的体现。同时,他认为上帝是宇宙的主宰,任何人都不能觊觎他的地位,妄想取而代之。这也是为什么浮士德,帖木儿和吉斯公爵都为他们的野心付出了惨痛的代价。然而,作为英国文艺复兴戏剧的创始人之一,马洛心中已经长出了人文主义的萌芽。在他笔下，人不在是上帝手中的木偶，自由意志不再如基督教所宣扬的那样是罪恶的根源。相反，他肯定人的价值,推崇现世幸福和对知识的追求。所以他对主人公雄心壮志的描写有赞赏的意味蕴含其中。马洛并非是一个传统意义上的基督教徒,也不是一个彻彻底底的人文主义者。他是一个基督教人文主义者,是文艺复兴时期独特的产物。
[Abstract]:Christopher Marlowe, the most important British playwright before Shakespeare, was known as the "father of English tragedy". Throughout his life, he was inextricably linked to Christianity. And most of his plays are based on Christian and religious strife. In the eyes of his contemporaries, he is an unruly, maverick atheist. However, hundreds of years later, people have gradually changed their opinions about him. There is no agreement. Is he a traditional Christian or a rebellious atheist? By means of text analysis, this paper studies the Christianity in Marlowe's four most important plays (Jew of Malta, the tragedy of Dr. Faust, Timur and the Holocaust of Paris). The depiction of Christian and religious strife and the dramatic techniques that played a significant role in the play. In the Jew of Malta, Marlowe lashes out at the depravity and corruption of Christians with great satire. But Christianity itself is not the object of his criticism. He is still a staunch supporter of Christianity, believing that it is the only Orthodox religion in the world. Neither Judaism nor Islam is comparable. This is well reflected in the Jewish of Malta and Timur series. At the same time, he believes that God is the master of the universe. No one can covet his position and take his place. That is why Faust, Timur and Duke Gith have all paid a heavy price for their ambitions. However, as one of the founders of English Renaissance drama, Marlowe has sprouted humanism. In his writings, man is no longer a puppet in God's hands, free will is no longer the root of sin, as Christianity preaches. On the contrary, he affirms the value of man. He admired the happiness of the world and the pursuit of knowledge. So his description of the hero's ambition had an implication of appreciation. Marlowe was not a Christian in the traditional sense. He is not a thoroughly humanist. He is a Christian humanist and a unique product of the Renaissance.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.073

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