论帕乌斯托夫斯基文学创作的审美主题

发布时间：2018-03-25 01:16

本文选题：帕乌斯托夫斯基　切入点：文学创作　出处：《华中师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：康士坦丁·帕乌斯托夫斯基是前苏联著名的小说家、剧作家、散文家和文艺评论家,在俄罗斯文学史上有着特殊的地位,被称为“抒情散文大师”。其作品洋溢着浪漫主义色彩和人道主义温暖,充满了诗意的美感。人和自然是帕氏作品中最重要的主题,森林、草原、河流、山川色彩斑斓,同时又都带着帕氏饱满的情感,呈现在读者面前,这些自然的色彩体现出了帕氏的浪漫主义,但朴实而真挚的情感使得这些浪漫的色彩并不浮华,反而营造出了一种安详和平静。而这正是帕氏美学系统中的核心部分之一,也是现代人对他的作品痴迷的原因之一。现代人生活节奏快,内心浮躁,快餐文化充斥大街小巷,身居闹市,远离大自然。而帕氏的文笔像画家一样,描绘出俄罗斯大自然的风光,并通过这些自然景色来安抚人们浮躁的心灵。但是帕氏对自然的浪漫主义描绘与当时“粉饰生活”的文风格格不入,帕氏的“现实的理想化,理想的现实化”是让人们在体味着生活艰辛和现实苦难的时候不要忘却生活本身的美,不要忘却生活深层的本真的诗意,从而在情感上唤起人们战胜苦难与不幸的信念。本文通过研究帕氏作品中的美学作用,来帮助读者更好的感受帕氏作品的美以及它所蕴含的力量。帕氏审美主题并不仅限于对自然的关注。帕氏作品的另一个主题是“人”。这一主题中,本文主要选取的是帕氏代表性的文学肖像以及他笔下的俄罗斯平民来进行研究。文学肖像是帕氏具有开创性意义的一种文学形式,他用朴质,清新的语言一字一句的勾勒出自己熟悉的作家的肖像,展现了这些作家作为一群普通的文学创作者的活生生的人性美。对小人物的关注是很多俄罗斯作家的共同特点,但是帕氏作品在表现小人物的时候,除了对他们悲惨命运的描写以外,更表现了小人物人性的美和他们悲惨生活中的点点希望,《电报》里孤独的老人,《珍贵的尘埃》里的老兵和他的金玫瑰,《雪》中一对不幸的男女都是如此。人文关怀和对人性美的歌颂在帕氏笔下的小人物身上都有体现。这种人文关怀、对人性美的歌颂,对自然美的独特观察视角正是帕氏美学的主要构成部分,美学是一门超世俗功利的学问,它反映了人的终极关怀和追求。但它又与哲学不同,它把这种终极关怀和追求溶入诗意之中,用生动感人的形象去打动人的情感,因而它更易被人所接受,康士坦丁·帕乌斯托夫斯基正是这种学问的大师。在转型时期的中国,人们面临各种社会压力和社会不公,浮躁的现代中国需要帕氏的平静和发现美的视角。最近中国作家莫言获得诺贝尔文学奖,在社会上引起了很大的轰动,人们开始思考文学对于当今生活的意义,正如莫言所说,文学的审美价值是无可取代的,而帕氏作品对于当代社会的这种无可取代的意义,也是本文想强调的。帕氏是位丰产作家,其全集总共有八卷,除人与自然外,还涉及人物速写、儿童文学、探讨艺术、歌颂祖国、针砭时事等,主题十分广泛。本文仅选取了数个审美主题,进行了初步的探讨。本文一共分三个部分：前言,正文和结论。在前言部分我们将介绍本文的研究现状、研究任务及其研究方法。正文第一章主要研究康士坦丁·帕乌斯托夫斯基的生平,研究其生活经历对作品的影响,研究其创作的演化过程；第二章主要概述帕乌斯托夫斯基的美学观点以及他作为一个浪漫主义作家的写作特点；第三章主要研究帕乌斯托夫斯基作品中自然风光描写的美学特点及功能。第四章主要研究帕乌斯托夫斯基独特的文学体裁——文学肖像；第五章主要以《珍贵的尘埃》和《雪》这两篇文章为例,着重分析帕乌斯托夫斯基如何刻画俄罗斯普通民众形象,如何在反映俄罗斯平民生活的过程中带着给读者的美的感受。最后得出结论：帕氏美学注重在日常的生活中发现美的细节,在苦难中发现美的希望,在自然中找到美的安慰,在社会生活的苦难中发现人的真善美,并用美的方式传达这些美。
[Abstract]:Constantin Paustovskiy is a famous former Soviet novelist, playwright, essayist and literary critic, has a special status in the history of Russian literature, known as the "lyrical prose master". His works filled with romantic and humanitarian warmth, full of poetic beauty. Man and nature is the most important works in the PAP the theme of forests, grasslands, rivers, mountains and colorful, both with the PAP and full of emotion, showing in front of the reader, the natural color reflects the Palmer's romantic, but simple and sincere emotion makes these romantic colors is not flashy, but create a serene and calm. And this is one of the core parts of PAP in the aesthetic system, but also the modern works on his obsession with one of the reasons. The quick pace of modern life, the heart impetuous, fast food culture is the street Alley, in a busy market, far away from nature. Palmer's writing style, like painters, depicts the scenery of Russian nature, and uses these natural scenes to pacify people's impetuous mind.
But the PAP of natural romanticism was depicted with a "whitewash life style" misfits ideal reality, PAP "reality" is to let people appreciate the hardships of life in reality and don't forget the suffering of life itself is beautiful, don't forget the students really deep poetic living, thus arouse people to overcome the suffering and misfortune in emotional faith. The aesthetic effect of Palmer's works, to help readers better feel the beauty of works of PAP and it contains power.
Palmer's aesthetic theme is not limited to natural concern. Another theme of Palmer's works is "people". This theme, this paper selects the representative literary portraits of PAP and Russian civilians under his pen to study. Literature is a portrait of PAP with a form of literature creating meaning, he used simple and fresh language sketched out every single word or phrase familiar portrait of the writer, to show the writer as a group of ordinary writers living in the beauty of humanity.
The little attention is a common feature of many Russian writers, but Palmer's works in the performance of small characters, except for their fate description, but also show the people the beauty of nature and their miserable life in the little hope, "a lonely old man in the precious telegraph >, < > dust the veteran and his gold rose, so it is a snow > in the unfortunate men and women. Humanistic care and beauty of humanity in praise of small figures in the Pap's body are reflected.
This kind of humanistic care, beauty praise of the human nature, unique perspective of natural beauty is the main component of PAP aesthetics, aesthetics is a super secular utilitarian learning, it reflects the ultimate concern and pursuit. But it is different from that of philosophy, it is the ultimate concern and pursuit into poetry with a vivid and moving image, to impress people's feelings, so it is easier to be accepted by the people, Constantin Paustovskiy is the master of learning.
In the transitional period of China, people face various social pressure and social injustice, impetuous modern China need PAP calm and find the beauty of perspective. Recently Chinese writer Mo Yan won the Nobel prize for literature, caused a great sensation in the society, people start thinking about the meaning of literature to contemporary life, as Mo Yan said. The aesthetic value of literature is irreplaceable, and works for the PAP in contemporary society irreplaceable significance, this paper also want to emphasize.
Palmer is a productive writer, the complete works of a total of eight volumes, in addition to man and nature, but also relates to a character sketch, children's literature, to explore the art of praise of the motherland, satirical, the theme is very extensive. This paper only selects a number of aesthetic themes were discussed.
This article is divided into three parts: preface, text and conclusion.
In the preface, we will introduce the present research situation, the research task and the research method.
The first chapter mainly studies Constantin Paustovskiy's life, the life experience of the impact of the works, the evolution of its creation; the second chapter mainly summarizes the aesthetics paustovsky and his writing as a romantic writer; aesthetic characteristics and function description of the natural scenery of the third chapter mainly studies the works of Pius Torfs Ki in fourth. Chapter paustovsky unique literary genre, literary portraits; the fifth chapter in "precious" and "snow dust > these two articles for example, focuses on the analysis of paustovsky how to depict ordinary Russians image, how to reflect the Russian civilian life with a sense of beauty to the readers.
Finally, it comes to the conclusion: PPAR aesthetics focuses on finding the details of beauty in everyday life, finding the hope of beauty in distress, finding comfort in beauty in nature, finding the truth, goodness and beauty in the hardships of social life, and conveying these beauties in the way of beauty.

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I512.06

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